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PASS RAAS system - ANSWER renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
- increases vasoconstriction
- increases blood volume
- increases blood pressure
- increases N
isotonic - ANSWER Describes a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell
Hypotonic - ANSWER Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution
Hypertonic - ANSWER Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution.
Hyponatremia - ANSWER deficient sodium in the blood
- causes seizures, coma, neuro damage, brain swelling
- slow fluid replacement
hypernatremia - ANSWER high sodium in the blood
- tachycardia, irritability, flushed skin
- diuresis or slow fluid replacement
hypokalemia - ANSWER deficient potassium in the blood 1 / 2
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- cardiac arrhythmias, anorexia, absent reflexes
hyperkalemia - ANSWER excessive potassium in the blood
- mental confusion, apathy, numb extremities
hypocalcemia - ANSWER deficient calcium in the blood
- Chvostek's sign
- Trousseau's sign
- seizures
hypercalcemia - ANSWER excessive calcium in the blood
- muscle flaccidity, bone tenderness, constipation
Hypophosphatemia - ANSWER A serum phosphorus level less than 2.7 mg/dL.
- tremors
- osteomalacia
- hyporeflexia
Hyperphosphatemia - ANSWER a serum phosphorus level that exceeds 4.5 mg/dL
- symptoms related to hypercalcemia
Hypomagnesemia - ANSWER deficient magnesium in the blood
- Babinski's sign
- Tetany
- Cardiac arrhythmias
hypermagnesemia - ANSWER an excess of magnesium in the blood plasma
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