REGIS NU664C STUDY GUIDE MIDTERM EXAM Actual

REGIS NU664C STUDY GUIDE MIDTERM EXAM Actual QUESTIONS AND verified correct ANSWERS ( A+

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What population across the lifespan are most at risk for suicide? How does your health, gender, and genetics play a role in being at a higher risk for suicide? -----Answers---· Most risk 15-24 and >65 (age) · Most risk Young, elderly, Caucasian males · Depression · *Serious physical illness · Schizophrenia 5% of suicides; other mental disorders increase risk 5-10%.Know the most common medications used to treat Alzheimer's Disease and the method of administration. -----Answers---· Donepezil is well tolerated and widely used.· Memantine (Namenda) protects neurons from excessive amounts of glutamate, which mat be neurotoxic. The drug is sometimes combined with Donepezil. It has been known to improve dementia.· In general, drugs with high anticholinergic activity should be avoided.· Donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), galantamine (Remiryl), and tacrine (Cognex) are cholinesterase inhibitors used to treat mild to moderate cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease.

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Know and describe cognitive therapy strategies and how these are used to treat anxiety. -----Answers---· Three major schools of psychological theory - psychoanalytic, behavioral, and existential - have contributed theories about the causes of anxiety.· Psychoanalytic - To understand fully a particular patient's anxiety from a psychodynamic view, it is often useful to relate the anxiety to developmental issues. Some anxiety is obviously related to multiple conflicts at various developmental levels.· Behavioral - The behavioral or learning theories of anxiety postulate that anxiety is a conditioned response to a specific environmental stimulus. In the social learning model, a child may develop an anxiety response by imitating the anxiety in the environment, such as in anxious parents.· Existential - Existential theories of anxiety provide models for generalized anxiety, in which no specifically identifiable stimulus exists for a chronically anxious feeling. Anxiety is their response to the perceived void in existence and meaning.

Describe 2-3 common side effects of typical (first-generation) Antipsychotics. -----Answers---· Antipsychotics can be

categorized into two main groups: the older conventional

antipsychotics, which have also been call first-generation antipsychotics or dopamine receptor antagonists, and the newer drugs, which have been called second-generation antipsychotics or serotonin dopamine antagonists (SDAs).· Clinicians have a number of alternatives for treating extra- pyramidal side effects. These include reducing the dose of the antipsychotic (which is most commonly a DRA), adding an anti- Parkinson medication, and changing the patient to an SDA that is less likely to cause extrapyramidal side effects. 2 / 3

· First-generation antipsychotics have a high rate of extrapyramidal side effects, including rigidity, bradykinesia, dystonias, tremor, and akathisia. Tardive dyskinesia (TD)—that is, involuntary movements in the face and extremities—is another adverse effect that can occur with first-generation antipsychotics.· The risk in elderly pts. Is much higher. Although seriously disabling dyskinesia is uncommon, it can affect walking, breathing, eating, and talking when it occurs. Individuals who are more sensitive to acute extrapyramidal side effects appear to be more vulnerable to developing tardive dyskinesia.· Sedation and postural hypotension can be important side effects for patients who are being treated with low-potency DRAs, such as perphenazine.· All DRAs, as well as SDAs, elevate prolactin levels, which can result in galactorrhea and irregular menses.What are some factors that may increase the risk for suicide?Protective factors? -----Answers---· Gender differences. - Men commit suicide more than four times as often as women.· Age. - Most suicides now are among those aged 35 to 64.Among men suicides peak after age 45; with women suicides occurs after age 55.· Race. - Suicide rates among white men and women are approximately two to three times as high as Black men and women across the life cycle.· Religion. - Protestants and Jews in the U. S. have had higher suicide rates than Catholics.· Marital Status. - Divorce increase suicide risk, with divorced men three times more likely to kill themselves as divorced women. Widows and widowers also have high rates.

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