RENAL ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY NEWEST ACTUAL

RENAL ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY NEWEST ACTUAL

(NURS 5315 MOD 10 EXAM 4)| WITH QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED

CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+

juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) - ---Answers----in area proximal to renal corpuscle between afferent & efferent arterioles, where distal tubule loops up making contact with afferent arteriole -collection of cells consisting of juxtaglomerular cells, the macula dense, and the mesangial cells

Juxtaglomerular cells - ---Answers----located in wall of afferent arterioles -monitor renal pressure

-help maintain normal GFR: increase renin release when renal

perfusion low -renin end result is angiotensin II to constrict efferent arteriole and increase pressure to glomerulus

macula densa - ---Answers----group of epithelial cells in distal convoluted tubule -close contact with afferent and efferent arterioles -help regulate GFR -function as macrophages -able to regulate blood flow of glomerular capillaries -have receptors for angiotensin II and natriuretic factor 1 / 2

-cells contract when stimulated by angiotensin II causing vasoconstriction which reduces glomerular blood flow -cells relax when stimulated by natriuretic peptide causing vasodilation and increased glomerular blood flow

Nephron function - ---Answers----receives apps 1000ml blood/min -blood enters glomerulus -20% of this plasma filtered out of capillaries into Bowman's capsule -filtrate enters proximal tubule at rate of 125 ml/min (GFR) -other 80% of plasma flows out of glomerular space and into efferent arterioles -efferent arterioles divide into millions of capillaries surrounding tubules (peritubular capillaries) -this network of capillaries in conjunction with epithelial cells of the tubules is responsible for solute exchange and water regulation

Renal blood flow - ---Answers----renal arteries branch off the abdominal aorta, go into kidneys, and become the afferent arteriole of glomerulus -capillary network then forms efferent arteriole which then forms peritubular capillaries -peritubular capillaries connect with venous system and inferior vena cava -prostaglandin assists with dilation of afferent arterioles

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