research question that can be tested through research. Step 3: Test the

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Chapter 01: Essay

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• List and explain the steps of the scientific method.

ANSWER: Suggested Answer: Step 1: Begin with curiosity. Pose a question based on a theory, prior research,

or personal observation. Step 2: Develop a hypothesis, which is a specific

research question that can be tested through research. Step 3: Test the

hypothesis. Design and conduct research to gather empirical evidence (data).

Step 4: Draw conclusions. Using the evidence gathered in the research,

conclude whether the hypothesis is supported or refuted. Step 5: Report the

results by sharing the data, conclusions, and alternative explanations with other scientists.

Good (5 pts) Fair (3 pts) Weak (0-1 pts) List steps of scientific method in order States the five steps in order States three of the steps in order States fewer than three steps or does not state the steps in order Explain each step Describes the five steps Describes three steps Describes fewer than three steps or does not describe steps accurately

POINTS: 1

DIFFICULTY: Moderate

REFERENCES: Chapter 1

Page(s) 3

QUESTION TYPE: Essay

HAS VARIABLES: False

STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Complete

ACCREDITING STANDARDS: APA4.1 - Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes NAEYC001 - Observing, Documenting, and Assessing to Support Young Children and Families NCLEX001 - Safe and Effective Care Environment

TOPICS: The Scientific Method

KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remembering NOTES: Sequence: 1001

DATE CREATED: 1/25/2021 12:29 PM

DATE MODIFIED: 1/25/2021 12:29 PM

• Define nature and nurture and give an example of each. Also, describe the nature–nurture debate.

ANSWER: Suggested Answer: Nature refers to the influence of genes on a person, and nurture refers to environmental influences on a person. Environmental influences begin with the health and diet of the embryo's mother and continue lifelong, including family, 1 / 4

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Chapter 01: Essay

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school, community, and society. An example of nature would be having a gene that predisposes one to addiction. An example of nurture would be having that gene but avoiding addictions as a result of not being exposed to abuse or parental addictions. The debate concerns how much of any person's characteristics, behaviors, or emotions is the result of genes and how much is the result of the person's experiences.

Good (5 pts) Fair (3 pts) Weak (0-1 pts) Define nature and nurture Accurately defines both terms and gives an example of each Accurately defines one term and gives at least one accurate example Does not accurately define both terms or supply accurate examples Describe the debate Accurately describes both sides of the debate Accurately describes one side of the debate Does not accurately describe the debate

POINTS: 1

DIFFICULTY: Moderate

REFERENCES: Chapter 1

Page(s) 5

QUESTION TYPE: Essay

HAS VARIABLES: False

STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Complete

ACCREDITING STANDARDS: APA4.1 - Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes NAEYC002 - Promoting Child Development and Learning NCLEX002 - Psychosocial Integrity

TOPICS: The Nature–Nurture Controversy

KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understanding NOTES: Sequence: 1002

DATE CREATED: 1/25/2021 12:29 PM

DATE MODIFIED: 1/25/2021 12:29 PM

• Describe the perspective that most modern developmentalists take on the nature–nurture debate. Provide an

example of a research topic that illustrates this perspective.ANSWER: Suggested Answer: Modern researchers have learned that neither nature alone nor nurture alone can provide a complete way to understand development. Both nature and nurture matter, as both genes and environment affect nearly every characteristic. The study of language acquisition illustrates the perspective that nature and nurture interact. Babies start speaking because of maturation of the brain, mouth, and vocal cords (nature). This allows them to express connections between objects and words (nurture), which could not occur unless people talked to them (nurture).

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Good (5 pts) Fair (3 pts) Weak (0-1 pts) State researchers' viewpoint States modern researchers' stance that both matter Is vague about modern researchers' stance Incorrectly states modern researchers' stance Provide an example Gives an example Gives a vague example Gives an incorrect example or doesn't give an example

POINTS: 1

DIFFICULTY: Difficult

REFERENCES: Chapter 1

Page(s) 5

QUESTION TYPE: Essay

HAS VARIABLES: False

STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Complete

ACCREDITING STANDARDS: APA4.1 - Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes NAEYC002 - Promoting Child Development and Learning NCLEX002 - Psychosocial Integrity

TOPICS: The Nature–Nurture Controversy

KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understanding NOTES: Sequence: 1003

DATE CREATED: 1/25/2021 12:29 PM

DATE MODIFIED: 1/25/2021 12:29 PM

• Compare and contrast the critical and sensitive periods and provide an example of each.

ANSWER: Suggested Answer: A critical period is a time when something must occur to ensure normal development, and a sensitive period is a time when a specific developmental task occurs most easily. An example of a critical period would be the fetus growing arms and legs and hands and feet—this can occur only at a specific time in utero. Language development is an example of a sensitive period. It occurs most easily at a young age but can occur at a later age as well.

Good (5 pts) Fair (3 pts) Weak (0-1 pts) Define and differentiate Defines both periods; differentiates between them Defines just one periodoris vague about differentiation Fails to define both periods or fails to differentiate Give examples Gives a correct example for each period Gives a correct example of either period Does not give any examples

POINTS: 1

DIFFICULTY: Difficult

REFERENCES: Chapter 1 3 / 4

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Chapter 01: Essay

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Page(s) 7

QUESTION TYPE: Essay

HAS VARIABLES: False

STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Complete

ACCREDITING STANDARDS: APA4.1 - Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes NAEYC002 - Promoting Child Development and Learning NCLEX003 - Health Promotion and Maintenance

TOPICS: Development Is Multidirectional

KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Analyzing NOTES: Sequence: 1004

DATE CREATED: 1/25/2021 12:29 PM

DATE MODIFIED: 1/25/2021 12:29 PM

• Explain Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems theory and describe his five systems.

ANSWER: Suggested Answer: Bronfenbrenner believed that each person is affected by his or her social context. Over the course of his career, he identified five systems. The first is the microsystem (e.g., one's family and peer group), the second is the exosystem (school, clubs, and church), and the third is the macrosystem (larger social setting, such as cultural values and economic policies). The fourth system, called the chronosystem, is the role of historical context, and the fifth system, the mesosystem, is the interaction that occurs between all of the other systems.

Good (5 pts) Fair (3 pts) Weak (0-1 pts) Explain ecological- systems theory Clearly states what the theory is Gives a vague explanation of the theory Is unable to describe the theory Identify the systems Identifies the five systems and gives an example of microsystem, exosystem, and macrosystem Identifies three of the systems or gives examples for three of the systems Identifies fewer than three of the systems or gives fewer than three examples

POINTS: 1

DIFFICULTY: Moderate

REFERENCES: Chapter 1

Page(s) 8-9

QUESTION TYPE: Essay

HAS VARIABLES: False

STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Complete

ACCREDITING STANDARDS: APA4.1 - Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes NAEYC003 - Building Family and Community Relationships

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