RN- NCLEX Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers and

pg. 1 RN- NCLEX Exam 1/ Questions with Correct Answers and Rationales/ Practice Exam Questions /Updated 2024.

Which of the following clients are at an increased risk of developing Kaposi's sarcoma skin lesions? Select all that apply.

a) Client status post a liver transplant

b) Client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

c) Client with type 1 diabetes mellitus

d) Female client of European ancestry

e) Male client of Mediterranean/Jewish ancestry - ANSWER - b) • Client with acquired

immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

• • Client status post a liver transplant
• • Male client of Mediterranean/Jewish ancestry

Explanation:

Clients with a compromised immune system (such as transplant clients or those with AIDS) are at an increased risk of developing Kaposi's sarcoma. Kaposi's sarcoma is also more prevalent among males of Mediterranean or Jewish ancestry, although in a less severe form. Clients with type 1 diabetes mellitus or females of European ancestry are not at an increased risk.

indirect Coombs' test - ANSWER - To detect maternal antibodies against fetal Rh-positive factor

CO (cardiac output) - Correct Answer - volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle per unit of time

Stroke volume - Correct Answer - Amount of blood ejected per beat

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pg. 2 Central venous pressure ( CVP) - Correct Answer - Pressure within the right atriumNorm CVP/RAP range 2-6mmhg

client with a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome. The nurse determines that education was effective if the client states the need to avoid which food? – Correct Answer - The client with irritable bowel should take in a diet that consists of 30 to 40 g of fiber daily because dietary fiber will help produce bulky, soft stools and establish regular bowel habits. The client should also drink 8 to 10 glasses of fluid daily and chew food slowly to promote normal bowel function. Foods that are irritating to the intestines need to be avoided. Corn is high in fiber but can be very irritating to the intestines and should be avoided. The food items in the other options are acceptable to eat.

The nurse has the following prescription for a postcraniotomy client: "dexamethasone 4 mg by the intravenous (IV) route now." How does the nurse administer the medication? – Correct Answer - Dexamethasone is an adrenocorticosteroid administered after craniotomy to control cerebral edema. It is given by IV push, and single doses are administered over 1 minute. Dexamethasone IV doses are changed to the oral route after 24 to 72 hours and are tapered until discontinued. In addition, IV fluids are administered cautiously after craniotomy to prevent increased cerebral edema.

An 8-year-old child has been admitted to the oncology unit with a suspected diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The nurse is obtaining a health history from the parents. During the interview, the parents ask the nurse if any of the factors discussed would make their child more at risk for this type of leukemia. What information about potential risk factors is correct for the nurse to share with the parents?

a) The diagnosis of Down's syndrome at birth

b) A diet that includes a large proportion of dairy products

c) A weight that is above the limit for the child's age

d) The X-rays that the child had at age 6 for a broken leg - ANSWER - a) The diagnosis of Down's

syndrome at birth

Explanation:

Children with Down's syndrome and other genetic conditions have an increased risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Prenatal exposure to X-rays is actually a higher concern than postnatal exposure 2 / 4

pg. 3 with respect to increasing the risk of developing ALL. The exception would be postnatal exposure to high doses of therapeutic radiation used as a treatment modality, which was not indicated here. Diet would have little impact on risk factors at this stage in the child's life.

When explaining the long-term toxic effects of cancer treatments on the immune system, what should the nurse tell the client?

a) Long-term immunologic effects have been studied only in clients with breast and lung cancer.

b) Clients with persistent immunologic abnormalities after treatment are at a much greater risk for

infection than clients with a history of splenectomy.

c) The use of radiation and combination chemotherapy can result in more frequent and more severe

immune system impairment.

d) The helper T cells recover more rapidly than the suppressor T cells, which results in positive helper

cell balance that can last 5 years. - ANSWER - c) The use of radiation and combination chemotherapy can result in more frequent and more severe immune system impairment.

Explanation:

Studies of long-term immunologic effects in clients treated for leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and breast cancer reveal that combination treatments of chemotherapy and radiation can cause overall bone marrow suppression, decreased leukocyte counts, and profound immunosuppression. Persistent and severe immunologic impairment may follow radiation and chemotherapy (especially multiagent therapy). There is no evidence of greater risk of infection in clients with persistent immunologic abnormalities. Suppressor T cells recover more rapidly than the helper T cells.

A child with Down syndrome has an upper respiratory infection (URI). Which of the following is the nurse's best action? Select all that apply.

a) Restricting visitation of sick siblings

b) Providing fluids that the child likes

c) Administering oxygen

d) Consulting a speech therapist

e) Ensuring that child is as active as possible - ANSWER - • Providing fluids that the child likes

• Restricting visitation of sick siblings 3 / 4

pg. 4 • Ensuring that child is as active as possible

Explanation:

A child with Down syndrome has deficits in the immune system and increased mucus viscosity, which contribute to URI. Providing fluids the child likes will increase the chance the child will drink the fluid and help with hydration. Sick siblings should not visit, as the child has deficits in the immune system.Increasing activity as much as possible will help the URI to resolve. Speech therapy and oxygen are not routinely needed for a child with Down syndrome who has URI.

When preparing a teaching plan for a client who is to receive a rubella vaccine during the postpartum period, the nurse should include which information?

a) The vaccine prevents a future fetus from developing congenital anomalies.

b) The client should avoid contact with children diagnosed with rubella.

c) The injection will provide immunity against the chickenpox.

d) Pregnancy should be avoided for 4 weeks after the immunization. - ANSWER - d) Pregnancy should be

avoided for 4 weeks after the immunization.

After administration of rubella vaccine, the client should be instructed to avoid pregnancy for at least 4 weeks to prevent the possibility of the vaccine's teratogenic effects to the fetus.The vaccine does not protect a future fetus from infection. Rather it protects the woman from developing the infection if exposed during pregnancy and subsequently causing harm to the fetus.The vaccine will provide immunity to rubella, also known as German measles.The injection immunizes the client against the 3-day or German measles, not chickenpox.

The nurse is caring for a client being discharged following kidney transplantation. The client is ordered mofetil to prevent organ rejection. Which nursing instruction is essential regarding medication use?

a) Administer medication following breakfast daily.

b) Sprinkle the contents of the capsule on food.

c) Contact the health care provider at first signs of an infection.

d) Administer the medication with an antacid to prevent stomach upset. - ANSWER - c) Contact the

health care provider at first signs of an infection.

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