Solutions Manual - one Language: A Preview Answers to questions, p...

Solutions Manual

CONTEMPORARY

LINGUISTIC

S AN IN

TRODUCTION

Sixth Edition William O’Grady J ohn Archibald M ark Aronoff Janie Rees-Miller Pr epared by Janie Rees-Miller 00_OGR_58632_FM_(i-vi).qxd 9/21/09 11:32 AM Page iii 1 / 4

17 one

Language:

A Preview Answers to questions, pp. 13–14 Section numbers before each problem indicate material on which the problem is based.

SECTION2

• dance to techo music
• travel on a sled pulled by a dog team
• travel in an MG [a type of small car]
• apply a Band-Aid to a cut
• sink a golf putt like Tiger Woods
• travel via a Greyhound bus
• clean with Ajax [a cleanser]
• clean with Windex [a window cleanser]
• color with Clairol [a hair-coloring product]
• put in a carton

SECTION2

• Answers will vary.

SECTION2

• impossible e) possible
• possible f) possible
• impossible g) impossible
• impossible h) impossible

SECTION2

• Answers will vary.

SECTION3

• Jason’s mother left himwith nothing to eat.

b) Miriam is eager to talk to someone, orMiriam is easyto talk to.

• acceptable
• acceptable

e) Is the dog hiding[or some other transitive verb] the bone again?

01_OGR_58632_Part1_(001-034).qxd 9/21/09 11:33 AM Page 17 2 / 4

f) Wayne prepared a cake for Zena.

• acceptable
• acceptable

i) Max cleaned it up.

j) I wantyou to leave, orI desire that you leave.

k) That you likeliver surprises me.

SECTION3.2

6. (Note:At this early point in the course, we do not expect technical expla-

nations for the unacceptability of these sentences. Student answers need not include the actual terminology used here.)

a) The form of the verb should be doesn’t when the subject is singular.

b) The form of the verb should be werewhen the subject is you.

c) In a sentence with preverbal there, the form of the verb should be are

when the following noun is plural.

d) The form of the verb breakshould be broken, not broke.

e) A pronoun in subject position should have the “nominative” form

(meshould be I); gonnaand campin’are too colloquial for written language.

f) A sentence should not end in a preposition (compare: With whom did

you come?).

g) The past tense form of seeis saw, not seen.

h) The form beencan occur only with auxiliary have(compare: He has

been lost . . .).

i) The word needsshould be followed by either to be cleanedor clean-

ing; becauseshould not be contracted to ’cause.j)Ain’tis nonstandard, as is getin the sense of ‘have’; a double negative

(n’t and none) is unacceptable (compare: Julie doesn’t have any).

k) Since somebodyis singular, the pronoun should be his(or her), not

their.

l) The reflexive pronoun should be himself, not hisself.

See Sections 3.1 and 3.2 for a discussion of the problems with prescriptive approaches to language.

SECTIONS3.4–3.5

• you/yours

us/ours him/his them/theirs her/hers We can infer that the Hawaiian form minesis following a regular pattern in which the possessive pronoun ends in -s.

18PART TWO: Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions

01_OGR_58632_Part1_(001-034).qxd 9/21/09 11:33 AM Page 18 3 / 4

two Phonetics Answers to questions, pp. 55–58 Section numbers before each problem indicate material on which the problem is based.

SECTION1

1.Sample answers:

• f

ish, huff, tough, phantom: the underlined letters in each word

are pronounced [f].

• art [ɑ], cat [æ], table [ej], above [ə], awful [ɔ], Israel [i].

c) Peter, mesquite, priest, meet, meat: all underlined letters = [i]

• tough (where gh = [f]); hiccough (where gh = [p])

SECTION1.2

2. (Note:The vowels [ej], [aj], [aw], and [ow] are treated as single-unit

segments. Most students will intuitively treat these vowels as single segments.)

• 2 [æt] e) 8 [sajkɑləʔi]*
• 3 [mæθ]f)5 [n ɑliʔ]*
• 4 [kjuɹ] g) 7 [mejlbɑks]
• 5 [hɑpiŋ]h)4 [ɔsəm] or 3 [ɔsmɾ]

*Note that IPA transcription forces the 2-symbol transcription of what students should interpret as a single segment for the purposes of this

question: [d].

SECTION5

• voiced [ð] e) voiced [z] i) voiceless [h] m) voiced [w] or

orvoiced [ j] voiceless []

• voiceless [θ] f) voiceless [s] j) voiceless [ŋ) n) voiced []
• voiceless [f] g) voiceless [p] k) voiced [d] o) voiced [n]
• voiced [v] h) voiced [b] l) voiced [b] p) voiced [w]

SECTIONS5–6

• voiced [ow] e) voiced [m] i) voiced [ʔ] m) voiced [n]
• voiceless [t] f) voiceless [k] j) voiced [z] n) voiced [ow]
• voiced [m] g) voiced [n] k) voiced [ʔ] o) voiceless [k]
• voiced [u] h) voiceless [t] l) voiced [z] p) voiceless [t]

19 01_OGR_58632_Part1_(001-034).qxd 9/21/09 11:33 AM Page 19

• / 4