SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES

Instructor Solutions Manual for How to Think Logically 1 / 4

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SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES

Solutions to Chapter 1 {C}IV

1.SAMPLE ANSWER: premise

2.conclusion 3.premise* 4.neither 5.neither 6.neither* 7.conclusion 8.neither* 9.premise

• premise*
• conclusion
• premise
• conclusion*
• conclusion
• neither

{C}V 1.SAMPLE ANSWER: (all the Dobermans I have known were dangerous) and (my neighbor’s new dog Franz is a Doberman), [it follows that] Franz is dangerous.

2.Rev. Sharpton has no chance of being elected this time, (his campaign is not well financed,) and (any politician who is not well financed has no real chance of being elected). 2 / 4

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• * Badgers are native to southern Wisconsin. (they are always spotted

there).

4. (all theoretical physicists have studied quadratic equations), no theoretical physicists are dummies at math, (no one who has studied quadratic equations is a dummy at math).

5.(Thousands of salamanders have been observed by naturalists) and (none has ever been found to be warm-blooded.) [We may conclude that] no salamanders are warm-blooded animals.

• * (In the past, every person who ever lived did eventually die.) [This suggests that]

all human beings are mortal.

7. (architects regularly study engineering,) Frank Gehry did, (he is an architect.) 8.(Britney Spears’s new CD is her most innovative album so far.) (It’s got the bestmusic of any new pop music CD this year,) and (all the DJ’s are playing it on radio stations all across the country.) [Accordingly,] Britney Spears’s new CD is sure to win an award this year.

• * Online education is a great option for working adults in general, regardless of their

ethnic background. (there is a large population of working adults who simply are not in a position to attend a traditional university.) 10.(Any airline that can successfully pass some of the increases in costs on to its passengers will be able to recover from higher fuel costs.) (South Airlink Airlinesseems able to successfully pass some of the increases in costs on to its passengers.) [As a result,] South Airlink Airlines will remain in business.

11.(Jackrabbits can be found in Texas.) (Jackrabbits are speedy rodents.) [Hence,] some speedy rodents can be found in Texas.

• * (There is evidence that galaxies are flying outwards and apart from each other.)[So] the cosmos will grow darker and colder. 3 / 4

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• (The Cubans are planning to boycott the conference), [so] the Venezuelans will

boycott it too.

• (Reverend Windfield will preach an extra-long sermon this Sunday), [we

may therefore expect that] some of his congregation will fall asleep.

• * Captain Binnacle will not desert his sinking ship, (only a cowardly captain

would desert a sinking ship), and (Captain Binnacle is no coward).

• (A well-known biologist recently admitted having fabricated data on stem cell

experiments.) [So] his claim that he has a cloned dog is probably false.

• (The French minister of culture has announced that France will not restrict American

movies.) (film critics are right in questioning the overall quality of American movies), [it follows that] French movie theaters will soon feature movies of questionable quality.

• * The University of California at Berkeley is strong in math, (many instructors

in its Math Department have published breakthrough papers in the core areas of mathematics).

• Her Spanish must be good now . (She spent a year in Mexico living with a Mexican

family), and (she took courses at the Autonomous University of Mexico).

• (No one who knowingly and needlessly endangers his or h er life is rational.) [Thus]

college students who smoke are not rational, (every college student who smokes is knowingly and unnecessarily endangering his or her life).

• The next major earthquake that hits California will be more devastating than the

great San Francisco earthquake of 1906, (there are many more people in California now than there were then), and (the urban concentration along the San Andreas Fault is much greater today).

• Isaac Newton was one of the greatest physicists of all time. , (he was the

discoverer of the law of gravity).

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