SPEX303 FINAL EXAM LATEST -

SPEX303 FINAL EXAM LATEST -

ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS )

|ALREADY GRADED A+

Indirect calorimetry measures energy utilisation through? - ANSWER- Respiratory Gas exchange

What are some limitations to indirect calorimetry? - ANSWER- Dead space in tube, lag of measurements from long tube

Aerobic metabolism used directly how? - ANSWER- Resynthesis of ATP

Aerobic metabolism used indirectly how? - ANSWER- Replete anaerobic sources of ATP (CrP)

What happens to elements of water ingested (doubly labelled water)? In what forms is it excreted? - ANSWER- Hydrogen excreted through urine Oxygen comes out mainly through CO2

Where is most nitrogen excreted from the body? - ANSWER- Urine and sweat

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During anaerobic metabolism, extra CO2 comes from? - ANSWER- Metabolic acidosis - more H+ produced, keeping pH around 7 (buffer system)

R value representative of Carbohydrates? - ANSWER- 1.0

R value representative of Fats? - ANSWER- 0.71

R value representative of Protein? - ANSWER- 0.8

R value representative of Mixed? - ANSWER- 0.82

R value representative of Alcohol? - ANSWER- 0.67

What does Southland Cycling Study tell you about effects of exercise on body comp? - ANSWER- Exercise can be positive on maintenance of FFM

Effects of Exercise on RMR - ANSWER- Increased (5-15%) with

intensive exercise for 24-48hr: if exercise is repeated w/in 24-48h,

remains elevated Can be as much as 400-800 kJ/day Athletes vs sedentary have as much as 5-20% greater RMR, even after adjusting for FFM Little, if any, long-lasting increase following low intensity exercise 2 / 4

Effects of Training on Total Energy Expenditure - ANSWER- Some cross-sectional studies have shown athletes to be more energy efficient (i.e. lower energy intake/amount expended)

Do endurance trained females adapt to lose less energy? - ANSWER- Some studies show endurance trained much more efficient overall than untrained.Increased efficiency of movement has been shown, but not large effect on TEE, most trained, in training use more E regardless.

What influences fuel selection? - ANSWER- Energy needs (i.e. rate of ATP needed) Amounts stored in muscle, circulation Contraction (Ca++) Hormones, sympathetic NS Enzyme activities Aerobic capacity and blood flow Transporter molecules

Fat Metabolism differences from CHO - ANSWER- Less ATP/sec More O2/ATP Only used aerobically Not maximised immediately Greater storage 3 / 4

Increased w exercise duration Increased w training, at given intensity

CHO Metabolism differences from Fat - ANSWER- More ATP/sec Less O2/ATP Used aerobically and anaerobically Limited glycogen stores Increased w increasing intensity Decreased w training at given intensity

Fat and CHO Metabolism Similarities - ANSWER- Greater capacity with training Break down products can be metabolised in Krebs Cycle Low E state of cell enhances release from storage and oxidation Sympathetic drive and Adren/NorAdren from adrenal glands enhances release from storage (fatty acids & glucose from glycogen)

Describe demands of Anaerobic Glycolysis - ANSWER- As exercise intensity increases, more NADH2 formed than can be oxidised in ETC/oxid phosphorylation . Continued metabolism via glycolysis requires NAD+ reformed and H2 to be accepted by another molecule.Hence, temporary reduction of pyruvic acid to form lactic acid.Reaction increases with increasing energy demands

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