TABLE OF CONTENTS - the Human Body © 2023 Cengage Learning, Inc. A...

Instructor Manual: Co and Engebretson, Anatomy & Physiology Lab Manual, 978-0-357-90916-4; Lab 1: Introduction to the Human Body 1 © 2023 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.Instructor Manual Co and Engebretson, Anatomy & Physiology Lab Manual, 978-0-357-90916-4;

Lab 1: Introduction to the Human Body

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Purpose and Perspective of the Lab ................................................................................. 2 Lab Objectives..................................................................................................................... 2 Lab 1 Outline ....................................................................................................................... 2 Lab 1 Answers ..................................................................................................................... 4 Discussion Questions.......................................................................................................... 9 Instructor Manual with Labeling Worksheets Answers 1 / 4

Instructor Manual: Co and Engebretson, Anatomy & Physiology Lab Manual, 978-0-357-90916-4; Lab 1: Introduction to the Human Body

2 © 2023 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

PURPOSE AND PERSPECTIVE OF THE LAB

The purpose of this lab is to provide students with anatomical terminology specific to anatomical and medical fields. Knowing the specialized and specific anatomical terminology will enable clear communication with colleagues in the students’ future careers.

LAB OBJECTIVES

The following objectives are addressed in this lab:

1.1 Describe the human body in anatomical position.

1.2 Describe how to use the terms right and left in anatomical reference.

1.3 Describe the location of body structures, using appropriate directional terminology.

1.4 Identify and define the anatomical planes in which a body might be viewed.

1.5 Identify and describe the locations of the body cavities and the major organs found in each cavity.

1.6* Describe the anatomy of the serous membranes and the cavities they form.

1.7 Identify and describe the location of the four abdominopelvic quadrants and the nine abdominopelvic regions, and the major structures found in each.

• Objective is not a HAPS Learning Goal.

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LAB 1 OUTLINE

The following outline organizes activities and assessments by lab (and therefore by topic), so that you can see how all the content relates to the topics covered.Lab 1 Pre-Lab Quiz • The Pre-Lab Quiz will strengthen students’ background knowledge in preparation for the lab. Students should refer to both their text and the lab manual to answer the questions in the Pre-Lab Quiz.Activity 1.1 Anatomical Position (LOs 1.1 and 1.2) 2 / 4

Instructor Manual: Co and Engebretson, Anatomy & Physiology Lab Manual, 978-0-357-90916-4; Lab 1: Introduction to the Human Body

3 © 2023 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.• The anatomical position is a standard perspective of the human body used to indicate the relative position of body parts and regions. In the anatomical position, a person is standing, feet slightly apart, arms at the sides, palms facing forward, and head facing forward.• Left and right refer to the patient’s or cadaver’s left and right.• Prone describes a face-down orientation and supine describes a face-up position.Activity 1.2 Directional Terms (LO 1.3) • Directional terms indicate the relative locations of body structures. Directional terms include superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, ventral, dorsal, proximal, distal, medial, lateral, ipsilateral, contralateral, superficial, and deep.Activity 1.3 Planes of Section (LOs 1.3 and 1.4) • A plane is an imaginary slice through the body using medical imaging. A frontal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections, a transverse plane divides the body into superior and inferior sections, and a sagittal plane divides the body into right and left sections. A midsagittal plane divides the body along the midline into two equal halves, versus a parasagittal plane divides the body into two unequal halves.Activity 1.4 Body Cavities and Serous Membranes (LOs 1.5 and 1.6) • Body cavities contain organs surrounded by fluid and protect the organs within. The body cavities include abdominal cavity, abdominopelvic cavity, anterior body cavity, cranial cavity, pelvic cavity, pericardial cavity, pleural cavity, posterior body cavity, thoracic cavity, and vertebral cavity.• Serous membranes are a double layer of thin membranes that wrap around an organ or organs. They form a serous cavity between the membranes filled with serous fluid.The parietal layer is the outside layer and the visceral layer is the inner layer against the organ or organs. The three serous membranes in the body are the pleura surrounding the lungs, pericardium surrounding the heart, and peritoneum surrounding many of the abdominopelvic organs.Activity 1.5 Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants (LO 1.7) • The nine abdominopelvic regions provide a reference grid for the location of the internal organs of the abdominopelvic cavity. The superior center square is the epigastric region and is bordered laterally by the right and left hypochondriac regions.The center square is the umbilical region and is bordered laterally by the right and left lumbar regions. The inferior center square is the hypogastric region and is bordered laterally by the right and left iliac regions (also called the right and left inguinal regions).• The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into four quadrants: the right upper quadrant, the left upper quadrant, the right lower quadrant, and the left lower quadrant.

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Instructor Manual: Co and Engebretson, Anatomy & Physiology Lab Manual, 978-0-357-90916-4; Lab 1: Introduction to the Human Body

4 © 2023 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Activity 1.6 Case Study: Appendicitis (LOs 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.6, and 1.7)

• The case study provides students with a real-world example of the lab content.Lab 1 Post-Lab Quiz (Auto Graded) • The Post-Lab Quiz will assess students’ mastery of the lab content.[return to top]

LAB 1 ANSWERS

Lab 1 Pre-Lab Quiz (Auto Graded) 1.

2.Root Meaning ipsi- self or same contra- against or opposite mid- middle or between para- beside peri- all around

• (choose two correct answers) cranial cavity, vertebral cavity
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