TEST B ANK - Seth Bennett Eugene Chu Reehan Mirza Nicole Szulc

TEST B ANK

Biological Science Third Canadian Edition Seth Bennett Eugene Chu Reehan Mirza Nicole Szulc 1 / 4

1 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Canada, Inc.Biological Science, 3rd Canadian Edition (Freeman et al.) Chapter 1 Biology and the Tree of Life

1) Which of the following observations demonstrates the fundamental characteristic of life known as energy?

• Organisms are made of membrane-bound units called cells.
• A bacterium replicates to become two bacteria.
• Plants absorb sunlight to stay alive and reproduce.
• The gene that specifies skin colour in frogs is passed from parent to offspring.
• The use of antibiotics has increased the frequency of bacteria populations that are resistant to

those antibiotics.

Answer: C

Type: MC

Reference: Section 1.1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying

LO: 1-1. Name five fundamental characteristics shared by all living organisms.

2) How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?

• There is no difference—the terms are interchangeable.
• A theory is an explanation for a very general phenomenon or observation; hypotheses treat

more specific observations.

• A hypothesis is an explanation for a very general phenomenon; theories treat more specific

issues.

• Theories define scientific laws; hypotheses are used to set up experiments.

Answer: B

Type: MC

Reference: Section 1.2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

LO: 1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.

3) Algae in the genus Caulerpa typically grow to a length of over half a meter and have structures similar to stems, leaves, and roots. Reproduction occurs when adults produce sperm and eggs that fuse to form offspring. Each adult Caulerpa, however, consists of just a single cell.Which of the following statements is true?

• Caulerpa violate the pattern component of the cell theory—that all organisms consist of cells.
• Caulerpa violate the process component of the cell theory—that all cells come from

preexisting cells.

• Caulerpa violate both the pattern and process components of the cell theory.
• The existence of Caulerpa is consistent with the cell theory.

Answer: D

Type: MC

Reference: Section 1.2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

LO: 1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.

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2 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Canada, Inc.4) Which statement about spontaneous generation is FALSE?

• Pasteur demonstrated that it does not occur under normal laboratory conditions.
• It apparently occurred at least once–when life on Earth began.
• It occurs every time a new species evolves from a preexisting species.
• It addresses the formation of living cells from previously nonliving material.

Answer: C

Type: MC

Reference: Section 1.2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

LO: 1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.

5) Recall Pasteur's experiment on spontaneous generation. Originally, he used sealed and unsealed flasks instead of swan-necked and unsealed flasks. Critics claimed that the experiment was inconclusive. Which of the following criticisms would be addressed by using a swan-necked flask instead of the sealed flask?

• The broth was heated too intensively.
• There had not been enough time for spontaneous generation to occur.
• Fresh air is required for spontaneous generation.
• The broth was not nutritious enough.

Answer: C

Type: MC

Reference: Section 1.2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension/Applying

LO: 1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.

6) Which of the following is the best example of a heritable variation?

• skin cancer
• amputation
• red hair
• love for music

Answer: C

Type: MC

Reference: Section 1.3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

LO: 1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a population.

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3 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Canada, Inc.7) How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?

• Artificial selection occurs only in computer simulations, not with actual organisms.
• Artificial selection is based on conscious choices by humans.
• Artificial selection occurs only with plants.
• Artificial selection is not based on heritable variation, but on new mutations.

Answer: B

Type: MC

Reference: Section 1.3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

LO: 1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a population.

8) Over the past several decades, natural selection has caused populations of Staphylococcus aureus (an infectious wound bacterium) to evolve resistance to most antibiotics. If antibiotic use were stopped, what would you predict would happen to these S. aureus populations?

• They will go extinct without the antibiotic.
• The populations will begin colonizing new environments.
• The frequency of nonresistant forms will increase in these populations.
• The frequency of resistant forms will definitely increase in these populations.

Answer: C

Type: MC

Reference: Section 1.3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying

LO: 1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a population.

9) Environments all over the world are changing as a result of global warming. Could this influence natural selection?

• No. The environment is always changing. Global warming is nothing new.
• Yes. Traits that help individuals produce more offspring in warmer environments will

increase in frequency.

• No. The only change will be that species from hot environments will expand their ranges.
• Yes. Mutations occur more frequently in hot environments.

Answer: B

Type: MC

Reference: Section 1.3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying

LO: 1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a population.

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