Test Bank 1-4 - Indicate the answer choice that best completes ...

Test Bank 1-4

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

• Referring to the phylogenetic trees below which statement(s) is/are correct?

• Tree A proposes that the camera eye of mollusks and vertebrates is homologous; tree B proposes that

the camera eye of mollusks and vertebrates arose through convergent evolution.

• Tree B proposes that the camera eye of mollusks and vertebrates is homologous; tree A proposes that

the camera eye of mollusks and vertebrates arose through convergent evolution.

• Tree B is more parsimonious.
• a and c
• b and c

• What contribution did British naturalist Mary Anning make to paleontology?
• the comparison of elephant fossils and the skeletons of living elephants
• the discovery of fossilized marine animals and other strange animals
• the idea that rocks formed through very slow changes
• the realization that tongue stones were actually shark teeth

• Tetrapods include
• organisms descended from ancestors with four limbs.
• birds.
• whales.
• all of the above

• The process of changes arising due to random chance is
• natural selection.
• sexual selection.
• genetic drift.
• heredity.

(Evolution Making Sense of Life, 3e Douglas Emlen, Carl Zimmer) Test Bank, Answer at the end of each Chapter) 1 / 4

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Test Bank 1-4

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• What type of virus is the influenza virus?
• an enveloped RNA virus
• a non-enveloped RNA virus
• an enveloped DNA virus
• a non-enveloped DNA virus

• Stromatolites are structures of mineralized layers created by
• bacteria.
• archaea.
• sponges.
• corals.

• Which of the following supports an ancient Earth?
• the absence of short-lived isotopes in rocks
• the presence of many short-lived isotopes in rocks
• the absence of long-lived isotopes in rocks
• none of the above

• What does the fossil record reveal about the locomotory behavior of Tyrannosaurus rex?
• It was a fast runner, like an ostrich.
• It had a sprawling gait, like a crocodile.
• It was incapable of running fast.
• Its small arms were leveraged to generate a running force.

• Which of the following may have been a more limiting factor for early life to form?
• the toxic atmosphere
• the amount of water available
• the temperature
• a and b
• b and c

• One important feature that links extinct organisms such as Pakicetus and Indohyus to cetaceans is
• the shape of a bone in the middle ear.
• the presence of forelimb flippers.
• the lack of hindlegs.
• peg-like teeth.

• Which of the following would explain why viruses such as influenza evolve so rapidly?
• They have a high mutation rate.
• They have a high replication rate.
• They can undergo viral reassortment. 2 / 4

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Test Bank 1-4

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• None of the given choices are correct.
• All the given choices are correct.

• Biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky wrote an essay in 1973 entitled "Nothing in ______ Makes Sense Except

in the Light of ______."

• Evolution; Biology
• Biology; Phylogenetics
• Biology; Evolution
• Genetics; Biology

• Which of the following incorrectly matches the event with its age in the fossil record?
• evidence of nonsedentary animals 585 million years ago
• evidence of large animals – 570 million years ago
• extinction of the Ediacaran fauna – 570 million years ago
• earliest evidence of chordates – 515 million years ago

• Which of the following is/are critical for Darwin's idea of natural selection?
• Individuals vary in their traits.
• Natural resources are limited.
• Some individual variation is heritable.
• all of the above
• none of the above

• Mammary glands in whales and humans
• are a synapomorphy for these species and other mammals.
• are homologous traits.
• were likely present in the most recent common ancestor of humans and whales.
• All the given choices are correct.
• None of the given choices are correct.

• The closest living relatives of tetrapod include
• coelacanths.
• lungfishes.
• telosts.
• a and b
• all of the above

• Which of the following might be a useful organism to study to the emergence of multicellularity?
• Streptococcus mutans, a biofilm forming bacteria that causes dental plaque
• Dictyostelium discoideum, a unicellular slime mold that can form slug-like masses
• Paramecium caudatum, an animal-like protist that is a complex unicellular organism 3 / 4

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Test Bank 1-4

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• a and b
• a, b, and c

• Life may have existed as long ago as
• 4.8 billion years ago.
• 4.56 billion years ago.
• 4.4 billion years ago.
• 4.1 billion years ago.

• The placement of whales within the artiodactyls is supported by
• morphology of limb bones (e.g., the astragalus) in extinct whales.
• DNA evidence.
• the fact that some artiodactyls (e.g., hippos) spend a significant amount of time in the water.
• morphology of limb bones (e.g., the astragalus) in extinct whales and DNA evidence.
• morphology of limb bones (e.g., the astragalus) in extinct whales, DNA evidence, and the fact that

some artiodactyls (e.g., hippos) spend a significant amount of time in the water.

• Which of the following incorrectly matches the species with its date in the fossil record?
• Eusthenopteron—385 million years ago
• Acanthostega—365 million years ago
• Tiktaalik—375 million years ago
• Coelacanth—605 million years ago

• A trait that may be co-opted for a new function, such as bird feathers, is called a(n)
• adaptation.
• complex adaptation.
• exaptation.
• polytomy.

• Which statement best describes the concept known as the Great Chain of Being?
• Biological entities can be organized into groups based on similarities.
• Species are arranged on a scale from lower to higher forms.
• Humans and other large species descended from microbes.
• Parents pass traits to their offspring.

• The Burgess Shale is an example of a(n) ________ with a wealth of data from the ______ period.
• Lagerstätte; Cambrian
• stromatolite; Cryogenian
• Lagerstätte; Ediacaran
• Ediacaran; Lagerstätte

• Which of the following is not a tetrapod?
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