Test Bank All Chapter

A History of Psychology, The Emergence of Science and Applications, 6e William Douglas Woody, Wayne Viney (Test Bank All Chapter)

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Chapter 1

• Which of the following is NOT a contribution from Benjamin Rush?

Answer:

Feedback: See textbook section on Benjamin Rush.

• The German term Ortgeist is relevant to the problem of causality in history. The term

refers to

(A) the spirit of the time (B) the spirit of the place (C) the causal role of persons in history (D) the importance of emphasizing biographical studies in history

Answer: (B) the spirit of the place

Feedback: Spirit of the time is Zeitgeist. Great person theory ascribes causal role to people.

• The German term Zeitgeist is relevant to the problem of causality in history. The term

refers to

(A) the spirit of the time (B) the spirit of the place (C) the causal role of persons in history (D) the importance of emphasizing biographical studies in history

Answer: (A) the spirit of the time

Feedback: Spirit of the place is Ortgeist. Great person theory ascribes causal role to people.

• The belief that history has no identifiable or universal meaning is

(A) the linear-progressive hypothesis (B) the chaos hypothesis (C) the linear-regressive hypothesis (D) the cyclical hypothesis

Answer: (B) the chaos hypothesis

Feedback: Linear-progressive hypothesis is that history builds on previous generations. Cyclical hypothesis is that history repeats itself.

• An individual who believes that the human situation is continually improving over time

and generations accepts

(A) the linear-progressive hypothesis (B) the chaos hypothesis (C) the linear-regressive hypothesis (D) the cyclical hypothesis

Answer: (A) the linear-progressive hypothesis

Feedback: Chaos hypothesis is that there is no pattern. Cyclical does not involve building on previous generations.

• The term presentism, as used in the text, refers to

(A) the correspondence between a historical narrative and the events of the past that it describes 2 / 4

(B) the difficulties of separating historical facts from present perspectives (C) the attempt to understand the past for its own sake (D) the belief that past traditions and values are always superior to present values

Answer: (B) the difficulties of separating historical facts from present perspectives

Feedback: See textbook explanation of biases that historians face.

• The kind of objectivity we might reasonably expect of historical writing is that

objectivity characterized by

(A) correspondence between a historical narrative and the events of the past (B) an honest attempt to provide all sides of an issue (C) an attempt to simply chronicle the events of the past (D) the attempt to leave all feeling out of the historical narrative

Answer: (B) an honest attempt to provide all sides of an issue

Feedback: Objectivity contains the idea that there is rarely one side to an issue, event.

• There are many definitions of history. The definition preferred by the authors of your

text is that history is

(A) the interpretive study of the events of the human past (B) the chronology of the events that provide the raw material for the historian (C) the scientific study of the past (D) all of the above

Answer: (A) the interpretive study of the events of the human past

Feedback: Check textbook for definition of history.

• According to the text, history has an explanatory component. The explanatory

component includes

(A) attempts by historians to make sense of the data they collect (B) attempts by historians to define history (C) chronological records (D) data such as unpublished letters, newspaper accounts, etc.

Answer: (A) attempts by historians to make sense of the data they collect

Feedback: Explanatory means there is an aspect of interpretation.

10 According to the text, history has an empirical component. The empirical component includes

(A) attempts by historians to make sense of the data they collect (B) only those rare instances when historians conduct experiments (C) explanations offered by historians (D) data such as unpublished letters, diaries, etc.

Answer: (D) data such as unpublished letters, diaries, etc.

Feedback: Empirical means that which can be understood through the senses --objects that can be seen, touched.

11 In a broad and philosophical sense, the term historiography refers to

(A) philosophical questions about history 3 / 4

(B) philosophical questions about historical methodology (C) characteristics of a body of historical writings (D) all of the above

Answer: (D) all of the above

Feedback: Historiography has multiple meanings.

12 Each of the following is a reason to study history EXCEPT

(A) history encourages a narrow perspective (B) history teaches a healthy skepticism (C) history teaches humility (D) history is a key to understanding the future

Answer: (A) history encourages a narrow perspective

Feedback: Narrow perspective is the antithesis of history's purpose.

13 As a self-conscious formal discipline, psychology is

(A) about 300 years old (B) little more than 100 years old (C) only 50 years old (D) almost 500 years old

Answer: (B) little more than 100 years old

Feedback: Founding is 1879.

14 Which of the following is NOT a criticism of humanistic psychology?

Answer:

15 Which of the following is NOT a legitimate criticism of humanistic psychology?

Answer:

Feedback: See textbook overview of third-force psychologies.

16 When considering the forces that shape history one must be cautious to avoid hagiography, the

(A) tendency to attribute historical change to only impersonal forces (B) tendency to give individuals excessive credit for historical developments (C) tendency to ignore the interplay between individuals and context (D) tendency to emphasize an internalist perspective

Answer: (B) tendency to give individuals excessive credit for historical developments

Feedback: Check textbook for definition of hagiography.

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