Test Bank all Chapter

Chemistry The Molecular Nature of Matter, 8e Neil Jespersen, Alison Hyslop (Test Bank all Chapter)

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Chemistry: Molecular Nature of Matter, 8e (Jespersen)

Chapter 0 A Very Brief History of Chemistry

1) Which of the following is the logical progression of elements formed in a star?

• Hydrogen → Helium → Argon → Carbon
• Hydrogen → Helium → Carbon → Argon
• Helium → Hydrogen → Argon → Carbon
• Helium → Hydrogen → Carbon → Argon
• Argon → Carbon → Helium → Hydrogen

Answer: B

Diff: 2

Section: 0.2

2) Why is iron the heaviest element formed in a star prior to the formation of a supernova?

• The formation of iron in a star starts a cooling process of the star, ending nucleosynthesis.
• Iron reacts with the hydrogen in stars to cause a violet explosion that leads to a super nova.
• Iron is the heaviest element that is stable at high temperatures; all others are radioactive.
• The formation of iron in a star causes a reaction with helium that causes nucleosynthesis to

end.

• When iron is formed in the outer layers of a star, the iron has enough kinetic energy to leave

the gravity of the star.

Answer: A

Diff: 1

Section: 0.2

3) One would expect a fairly even distribution of elements on the earth; instead, the distribution is uneven. Which of the following best describes why we observe this?

• The nebula that formed the earth had elements that were not evenly distributed.
• Winds on the surface of the earth have moved the heavy and light elements into bands.
• The early earth liquefied, resulting in heavier elements migrating toward the core and lighter

elements moving toward the surface. This migration to the surface was largely by lava flows, which were inconsistent.

• Some water-soluble elements were washed by water into pockets on the surface.
• The magnetic properties of the core caused the metals to pool into certain areas between the

poles on the earth.

Answer: C

Diff: 2

Section: 0.2

4) The relative number of atoms of each element in a particular compound

A) is always l:l.

• is the same as the density ratio.
• is the same as the weight ratio.
• is definite and constant.
• cannot be determined experimentally.

Answer: D

Diff: 2

Section: 0.3 (was 0.2) 2 / 4

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5) Which of the following postulates from Dalton's atomic theory are now considered incorrect?

• All atoms of a given element are identical.

II. Matter consists of very small particles known as atoms.III. Atoms are indestructible and indivisible.

• III only
• II only
• I only
• I and II
• I and III

Answer: E

Diff: 1

Section: 0.4

6) Which of the following statements is/are consistent with Dalton's atomic theory?

• The atoms in a given sample of an element do not share any common properties.

II. Matter consists of particles called atoms.III. In chemical reactions, atoms merely rearrange and do not disintegrate.

• III only
• II only
• I only
• II and III
• I and III

Answer: D

Diff: 2

Section: 0.5 (was 0.4)

7) Which of the following statements is/are NOT consistent with Dalton's atomic theory?

• The atoms in a given sample of an element do not share any common properties.

II. Matter consists of tiny particles called molecular substances.III. In chemical reactions, atoms merely rearrange and do not disintegrate.

• III only
• II only
• I only
• II and III
• I and II

Answer: E

Diff: 2

Section: 0.4

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3 8) Which of the following postulates from Dalton's atomic theory is incorrectly stated?

• The atoms in a given sample of an element are identical.
• Matter consists of tiny particles called atoms.
• In chemical reactions, atoms merely rearrange and do not disintegrate.
• In a given chemical compound, the atoms can be present in various numerical ratios.
• The atoms of different elements differ in mass and other properties.

Answer: D

Diff: 2

Section: 0.4

9) Which of the following is consistent with the postulates from Dalton's atomic theory?

• The atoms in a given sample of an element are not necessarily identical.
• Matter consists of tiny particles called ions.
• In chemical reactions, atoms both rearrange and disintegrate in smaller subatomic particles.
• The atoms of different elements can be identical in mass and other properties.
• In a given chemical compound, the atoms are always present in the same fixed numerical

ratio.

Answer: E

Diff: 2

Section: 0.4

10) Which one of the statements below is true?

• When two atoms combine to form a chemical compound, they do so in many different

proportions by mass.

• When two different compounds combine to form an element, they do so in definite

proportions by mass.

• When two different elements combine to form a chemical compound, they do so in definite

proportions by mass.

• When two molecules combine in a chemical reaction, a number of different elements can be

generated depending on the masses used.

• When two different elements combine to form a mixture, they do so in definite proportions by

atomic number.

Answer: C

Diff: 2

Section: 0.4

11) Which one of the statements below is false?

• In chemical reactions, atoms are rearranged.
• In a given compound, the atoms are always present in the same fixed numerical ratio.
• Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.
• In a sealed reaction flask, the total mass after the reaction is over, is the same as before the

reaction started.

• When hydrogen and oxygen react to form water, the mass of oxygen atoms is equal to the

mass of hydrogen atoms.

Answer: E

Diff: 1

Section: 0.4

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