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Educational Research Fundamental Principles and Methods, 8e James McMillan, Sally Schumacher (Test Bank all Chapters)
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Research in Education
Chapter 1 Learning Outcome Quizzes
Learning Outcome 1.1: Know how the purpose of research, finding the signal, is
influenced by noise that distorts what is reported.[Q1] Considering the signal and noise metaphor from Chapter 1, which of the following represents “signal?”
- Error
- Deviation
- True information [correct]
- Randomness
- Reality
- Randomness [correct]
- Actual relationship 2 / 4
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Recall that the noise is composed of factors that drown out, distort, or dilute the signal.Error serves to distract and is therefore considered noise.[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Recall that the noise is composed of factors that drown out, distort, or dilute the signal.Deviations cause difficulty for researchers and are considered noise.[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] The signal is what is correct, actual, and true. True information certainly falls into this category.[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Recall that the noise is composed of factors that drown out, distort, or dilute the signal.There is always the possibility that the results of a study are simply due to randomness, which is why study replication is important.[Q2] Considering the signal and noise metaphor from Chapter 1, which of the following represents “noise?”
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- Accurate understanding
- Signal plus Noise [correct]
- Signal
- Noise
- Either signal or noise
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[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Recall that the signal is what is correct, actual, and true. When this definition is considered, reality would be classified as “signal” and not “noise.” [Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Recall that “noise” is composed of factors that drown out, distort, or dilute the signal.Randomness is always a possible reason for the occurrence of a set of data, and therefore should be considered noise.[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Recall that the signal is what is correct, actual, and true. When this definition is considered, actual relationships would be classified as “signal” and not “noise.” [Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Recall that the signal is what is correct, actual, and true. When this definition is considered, accurate understanding would be classified as “signal” and not “noise.” [Q3] Which of the following represents the components of an observed finding?
[Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Observed findings in educational research are always the result of signal and noise.There are always variables that will be accurate and there will always be distractors. A good researcher understands how to amplify the signal and drown out the noise.[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Signal refers to what is correct, actual, and true, but this is not all that is included when collecting data in educational research.[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Noise refers to factors that drown out, distort, or dilute the signal. Therefore, observed findings certainly do not consist of pure noise.
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[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Observed findings are more complex than simply including either signal or noise.Learning Outcome 1.2: Explain why empirical research is important as an approach to generating and applying knowledge.[Q1] People use the term research to describe many processes that would not be considered research using the definition given in the text, such as writing a “research paper” from the library. A more complete definition of empirical research includes which of the following?
- A systematic process of gathering and interpreting data [correct]
- A disciplined process of reporting information
- An experimental method for collecting and analyzing data
- An organized, step-wise process for evaluating knowledge
- They have a significant role in helping to choose a research question but should play
- They tend to be biased and do not have a major role when conducting educational
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[Feedback for Correct Answer 1] This definition involves a systematic, disciplined inquiry process, which can include gathering information and facts, referencing material, collecting and analyzing data, and making inferences.[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Research is certainly a disciplined process, but this is not the best answer choice.[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Experimental research is important, but it is not the only approach to research.[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Research must be organized, but research is not only about knowledge evaluation.[Q2] As sources of knowledge, experience, intuition, and tradition serve which of the following roles in educational research?
no part in analysis or conclusions. [correct]
research.
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