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Basic Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, 7e Gary Heiman

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Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics

MULTIPLE CHOICE

• Statistics is a shortened version of
• statistical procedures. c. statistical mathematics.
• statistical data. d. statistical proof.

ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: p. 1

• Some of the answers we compute from statistical procedures are called
• outcomes. c. data points.
• statistics. d. computations.

ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: p. 1

• The word empirical refers to
• organizing and summarizing.
• knowledge gained from theory.
• predictions based on theory.
• knowledge obtained through observation and measurement.

ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: p. 1

• Empirical research involves measurement. Such measurement results in numbers or scores. These

scores usually are referred to as

• data. c. statistics.
• hypotheses. d. conclusions.

ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: p. 2

• A statistics instructor asks the students to rate how well they like math. The instructor will use

statistics to

• organize, transform, perform mathematical operations, and otherwise manipulate the

students’ ratings.

• design a research study looking at students’ liking of math.
• round the ratings to two decimal places so that they are more easily communicated.
• organize, summarize, communicate, and draw conclusions about the students’ ratings.

ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: p. 2

• The study of statistics will require you to
• develop new formulas for statistical procedures.
• learn how to compute and interpret statistical procedures correctly.
• memorize many complicated and unfamiliar formulas.
• learn a relatively unimportant step in conducting research.

ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: p. 3

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• Learning statistics may be most closely compared with
• learning a new language.
• learning how to use a computer.
• learning how to compute complex mathematics.
• learning how to paint a picture.

ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: p. 3

• Which of the following is not how you should learn statistics?
• memorize and understand the terminology of statistics
• make flash cards for each of the key terms
• skim the material in the textbook and then try to do the problems
• work the problems at the end of each chapter

ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: p. 4

• While statistical software such as SPSS is a useful tool, you will still need to
• memorize all formulas in the text.
• know when to use each statistic and what the answer means.
• understand the mathematical theory behind every procedure.
• develop outstanding mathematical skills.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: p. 4

• When working the problems at the end of each chapter, you should
• always look at the answers in the back of the book first.
• never look at the answers in the back of the book.
• use a computer program such as SPSS to check all your answers.
• really try to solve each problem and then look at the answer in the back of the book.

ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: p. 5

• The standardized code we use for mathematical operations, the order in which we perform operations,

and the answers we obtain are referred to as

• transformations. c. statistical notation.
• data. d. rounding.

ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: p. 5

• In standard statistical notation, X and Y are used to stand for
• each individual score obtained in a study.
• instructions to multiply or divide in a formula.
• instructions to add or subtract in a formula.
• summary statistics such as sums or means.

ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: p. 5

• When two components are placed next to each other, such as XY, it means
• add the two components.
• subtract the second component from the first component.
• multiply the two components.
• divide the second component into the first component.

ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: p. 5

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• When performing mathematical operations, unless otherwise indicated, which operation should you

perform first?

• multiplication or division c. addition or subtraction
• squaring or taking the square root d. anything inside of parentheses

ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: p. 6

• For the formula P + Q, if we let P = 9 and Q = 13, the answer is
• −4.00 c. 1.44
• 0.69 d. 22.00

ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: p. 6

• If X = 8 and Y = 10, then X −Y equals
• 18.00 c. −18.00
• 2.00 d. −2.00

ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: p. 6

• For the formula P/Q, if we let P = 12 and Q = 4, the answer is
• 1/3 c. 3.00
• 0.33 d. 3/1

ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: p. 6

• For the formula PQ, if we let P = 11 and Q = −6, the answer is
• 66.00 c. −66.00
• 5 d. −1.833

ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: p. 6

• For the formula , if we let X = 361, the answer is
• −19.00 c. 180.50
• 19.00 d. 130,321.00

ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: p. 6

• For X = 3.8, Y = 5, and Z = 2.5, find C.

• 30.976 c. 0.48
• −0.48 d. 0.576

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: p. 6

• For the formula [5(3) − 3], the answer is
• 0.00 c. 18.00
• 12.00 d. 45.00

ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: p. 6

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