Test Bank all Chapters

An Introduction to Social Psychology 6e Miles Hewstone, Wolfgang Stroebe, Klaus Jonas

(Test Bank all Chapters)

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Chapter 1

• Sherif (1954) argued that the findings of his study of two groups of 11–12-

year-old boys at a remote summer camp demonstrated that when two groups are competing for the same goal and only one group can achieve, there will

be:

• attempts to negotiate an agreement.
• intragroup competition.

*c. intergroup hostility.

• a destabilizing effect within each group.

• A laboratory experiment conducted by Tajfel et al. (1971) with 14–15-year-

old boys who knew each other well showed that intergroup conflict:

• is dependent on whether participants know each other.

*b. is not an essential cause of intergroup discrimination.

• is dependent on whether participants know who is in which group.
• is an essential cause of intergroup discrimination.

• In their series of experiments on stereotype suppression, Macrae et al.

(1994) found that the rebound effect of stereotype suppression affected

participants’:

*a. thoughts and behaviour.

• thoughts but not behaviour.
• behaviour but not thoughts.
• neither thoughts nor behaviour.

• An experiment conducted by Bargh et al. (1996) found that participants

exposed to an elderly prime:

*a. walked more slowly than other participants to the lift following the experiment.

• behaved in exactly the same way as participants not exposed to the elderly

prime.

• adopted behaviours that might be associated with elderly people during

what they understood to be the experiment.

• were more likely than other participants to list Bingo as an activity they

wished to pursue long term.

5. Social psychology is concerned with all the following EXCEPT:

• the cognitive processes involved in understanding the world around us.
• social influence.

*c. personality traits that explain why individuals behave differently in similar social situations.

• the use of scientific methods.

• In thinking about the nature of social psychology as compared to related

fields of study in psychology, which of the following should we take account of?

• How particular traits are acquired and how these traits influence the

individual’s behaviour.ii. The impact of the social situation on individual behaviour. 2 / 4

iii. The ways in which personality variables act as moderators of social behaviour.iv. Perceptual judgments in relation to variations in physical stimuli.

• i and ii.

*b. ii and iii.

• iii and iv.
• ii and iv

• Which ONE of the following statements is accurate?
• Sociologists are likely to trace social behaviour to the individual’s goals,

motives and cognitions. Social psychologists are not.

• Social psychologists subscribe to methodological individualism.

Sociologists do not.

• Social psychologists are likely to trace social behaviour to structural

variables such as norms, roles or social class. Sociologists are not.*d. Both sociologists and social psychologists are interested in social groups and group norms.

• Newcomb’s (1943) Bennington study is consistent with the basic

assumptions of social psychology rather than other related fields of study

because:

• it is a longitudinal study.
• it is about political attitudes.

*c. it illustrates how individual beliefs and attitudes can be shaped by the group context.

• it investigated the attitudes of women.

• Which of the following was NOT a factor in the development of social

psychology in the US in the mid-twentieth century?*a. The influence of a strong network of social psychologists in Europe.

• The immigration of academics fleeing Nazi persecution.
• The promotion of psychological research into war-related topics, such as

the effectiveness of army propaganda on soldiers’ morale.

• Interest in topics such as obedience and authoritarianism as a result of the

rise of totalitarian regimes in some European countries.

• Among the reasons Kurt Lewin was an influential social psychologist are

that:

• his field theory lent itself to testable hypotheses.

ii. he offered an alternative to behaviouristic theories.iii. he published a wide range of empirical studies.iv. he believed social psychology should study real-world problems experimentally.

• his graduate students went on to become highly influential.

*a. ii, iv and v.

• i, iii and v.
• ii, iii and iv.
• i, ii and v.
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• Fritz Heider’s influence on social psychology during the second half of the

twentieth century was largely because of his:

• covariation model of attribution.
• field theory
• autokinetic theory.

*d. consistency and attribution theories.

• A crisis in social psychology developed in the late 1960s/early 1970s. This

was largely the result of:

• a waning interest in social psychology that began at the end of World War

II.

• publication of a paper by Kenneth Ring that criticized social psychology for

being too focused on solving social problems.*c. an article by Kenneth Gergen questioning the scientific value of social psychology.

• a body of research clearly demonstrating that there are no universal social

processes.

13. The crisis was gradually overcome by developing:

• areas of applied social psychology.

ii. meta-analytic techniques.iii. more effective measures to show the relationship between attitudes and behaviour.iv. experiments that invariably meet the expectations of the researchers.

• experiments that minimize the effects of demand characteristics and

experimenter expectancy.

• i, ii, iii and iv.

*b. i, ii, iii and v.

• ii, iii, iv and v.
• i, ii, iii, iv and v.

14. Before the 1960s:

• Europe had little influence on the development of social psychology in the

US.*b. there was no European collaboration in social psychology.

• Europe had already developed a theoretical perspective distinct from that of

the US.

• a European association was unnecessary because there were so few social

psychologists in European countries.

• n the first of their series of experiments on stereotype suppression,

Macrae et al. (1994) used skinheads as the group about whom participants

would be asked to construct life event details from visual information because:

• there was widespread prejudice against skinheads.

ii. skinheads had frequently been shown to act aggressively in the news.iii. there were unlikely to be skinheads within the participant group of students.iv. prejudice against skinheads was not considered politically incorrect.

• i and ii.
• iii and iv.
• ii and iii.
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