TEST BANK All Chapters

A History of Psychology Ideas & Context 5e Brett King William Woody Viney (TEST BANK All Chapters)

Chapter 1 Critical Issues in Historical Studies

• As a self-conscious formal discipline, psychology is
• about 300 years old.

*b. little more than 100 years old.

• only 50 years old.
• almost 500 years old.

[p. 2]

• Each of the following is a reason to study history EXCEPT
• History encourages a narrow perspective.
• History teaches a healthy skepticism.
• History teaches humility.
• History is a key to understanding the future.

[pp. 2-4]

• In a broad and philosophical sense, the term historiography refers to
• philosophical questions about history.
• philosophical questions about historical methodology.
• characteristics of a body of historical writings.
• all of the above.

[p. 4]

• According to the text, history has an empirical component. The empirical component includes
• attempts by historians to make sense of the data they collect.
• only those rare instances when historians conduct experiments.
• explanations offered by historians.
• data such as unpublished letters, diaries, etc.

[p. 5]

• According to the text, history has an explanatory component. The explanatory component includes
• attempts by historians to make sense of the data they collect.
• attempts by historians to define history.
• chronological records.
• data such as unpublished letters, newspaper accounts, etc.

[p. 5]

• There are many definitions of history. The definition preferred by the authors of your text is that history

is

• the interpretive study of the events of the human past.
• the chronology of the events that provide the raw material for the historian.
• the scientific study of the past.
• all of the above.

[pp. 5-6] 1 / 4

• The kind of objectivity that we might reasonably expect of historical writing is that objectivity

characterized by

• correspondence between a historical narrative and the events of the past.
• an honest attempt to present all sides of an issue.
• an attempt to simply chronicle the events of the past.
• the attempt to leave all feeling out of the historical narrative.

[p. 7]

• The term presentism, as used in the text, refers to
• the correspondence between a historical narrative and the events of the past that it describes.
• the difficulties of separating historical facts from present perspectives.
• the attempt to understand the past for its own sake.
• the belief that past traditions and values are always superior to present values.

[p. 7]

• It is almost impossible to separate historical facts from current interests and values. Such a contention

is most consistent with

• presentism.
• historicism.
• the chaos hypothesis.
• the cyclical hypothesis.

[p. 7]

• An individual who believes that the human situation is continually improving over time and

generations accepts

• the linear-progressive hypothesis.
• the chaos hypothesis.
• the linear-regressive.
• the cyclical hypothesis.

[p. 8]

• The belief that history has no identifiable or universal meaning is
• the linear-progressive hypothesis.
• the chaos hypothesis.
• the linear-regressive.
• the cyclical hypothesis.

[p. 9]

• The German term Zeitgeist is relevant to the problem of causality in history. The term refers to
• the spirit of the time.
• the spirit of the place.
• the causal role of persons in history.
• the importance of emphasizing biographical studies in history.

[p. 9]

• The German term Ortgeist is relevant to the problem of causality in history. The term refers to
• the spirit of the time.
• the spirit of the place. 2 / 4

• the causal role of persons in history.
• the importance of emphasizing biographical studies in history.

[p. 9]

• When considering the forces that shape history, one must be cautious to avoid hagiography, the
• tendency to attribute historical change to only impersonal forces

*b. tendency to give individuals excessive credit for historical developments

• tendency to ignore the interplay between individuals and context
• tendency to emphasize an internalist perspective

[p. 10]

• Internalist or old histories of psychology emphasized
• the social-cultural context in which a discipline develops.
• the cumulative knowledge of the network of historical experts in a given area of history.
• the development of ideas within a discipline with little discussion of the larger context.
• the socially acceptable historiographic biases that prevail at a given time.

[p. 10]

• / 4

Chapter 2 Philosophical Issues

• The term epistemology, is derived from the Greek episteme, which means
• to value highly.
• to exist.
• to understand or know.
• to be skeptical.

[p. 15]

• The term A Priori refers to
• that which is derived from experience.
• knowledge that is acquired through learning.
• self-evident truths known through intuition.
• the nature of being.

[p. 15]

• The term A Posteriori refers to
• that which is derived from experience.
• the study of problem solving.
• self-evident truths known through intuition.
• the nature of being.

[pp. 15-16]

• The empiricist, unlike the nativist, believes that
• all perceptions are learned or derived from experience.
• we discern many truths through intuition alone.
• A Posteriori knowledge is relatively unimportant.
• there are a great many self-evident truths.

[p. 16]

• The nativist believes that perceptual abilities
• are learned or derived from experience.
• are learned through interaction with others.
• learned after birth are relatively unimportant.
• are operational from birth.

[p. 16]

• According to the text, each of the following terms refer to abilities, or beliefs about abilities, that are

built into living systems, EXCEPT

• a priori knowledge
• instinct

*c. empiricism

• nativism

[pp. 15-16]

• According to the text, the method of _____ is surely the most common method of assessing truth.
• / 4