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Business Ethics A Textbook with Cases, 9e William

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Chapter 1 - The Nature of Morality

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Multiple Choice Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

• Which of the following characteristics distinguishes moral standards from other sorts of standards?
• moral standards are purely optional
• moral standards take priority over other standards, including self-interest
• moral standards cannot be justified by reasons
• moral standards must be set or validated by some authoritative body

2. Choose the statement that gives the most accurate description of etiquette:

• the rules of etiquette are a fundamental branch of morality
• conformity with the rules of etiquette is sufficient for moral conduct
• etiquette refers to any special code of social behavior or courtesy
• the rules of etiquette are backed by statutory law

• Our relationship with the law is best described by which of the following?
• To a significant extent, law codifies a society's customs, norms, and moral values.
• The law is a completely adequate guide to the moral standards that we should follow.
• The law makes all immoral conduct illegal.
• Violating the law is always immoral.

• Which of the following is NOT one of the four broad categories of law?
• statutes
• constitutional law
• common law
• contractual law

• For philosophers, the most important issue is not where our moral principles came from, but:
• whether those moral principles can be justified
• how we acquired the beliefs we have
• to what extent religion influences people's moral beliefs
• the legal basis for acting morally

• The benefits within moral standards are best seen in which statement?
• There is a complete list of adequacy criteria for moral judgments that philosophers all agree on.
• Professional codes are the rules that are supposed to govern the conduct of members of a given profession.
• Professional codes of ethics provide a complete and reliable guide to one's moral obligations.
• People who are exclusively concerned with their own interests tend to have happier and more satisfying lives

than those whose desires extend beyond themselves.

7. When religion and morality are considered:

• the moral instructions of the world's great religions are often general and imprecise.
• most people act rightly only because their religion tells them to.
• atheists are likely to be less moral than religious people. 2 / 4

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Chapter 1 - The Nature of Morality

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• in practice, people who share a religion will agree on all moral questions.

• According to divine command theory, if stealing is wrong then it is wrong because:
• Our reason determines stealing to be wrong.
• God forbids stealing because stealing is wrong.
• God leaves right and wrong up to humanity.
• Stealing is wrong only because God commands us not to steal.

9. Ethical relativism supports the theory that:

• what is right is determined by what a culture or society says is right.
• there are no moral values whatsoever.
• morality is relative to the goal of promoting human well-being.
• different societies have similar ideas about right and wrong.

• When ethical relativism is put into practice, it implies that
• societies never share any moral values in common.
• in ethics, sometimes the minority is right.
• we cannot say that slavery is wrong if the society in question believes it is right.
• as societies evolve, their morality improves.

• In the essay, “Is Business Bluffing Ethical?” Albert Carr would agree with all of the following except for:
• Business has the impersonal character of a game like poker.
• Business demands special strategy.
• Business requires an understanding of its special ethical standards.
• Business should be evaluated by society's moral standards.

• Accepting a moral principle
• is a purely intellectual act like accepting a scientific hypothesis.
• generally involves a desire to follow that principle for its own sake.
• means you will never go against that principle.
• is a religiously based act of faith.

• The example of Huckleberry Finn shows
• one should always obey one's conscience.
• when in doubt, one should ignore one's conscience.
• we shouldn't rely uncritically on what our conscience says.
• unlike most people, Huckleberry Finn lacked a conscience.

• Morality and self-interest
• can sometimes conflict.
• boil down to the same thing.
• can never come into genuine conflict.
• are in basic, irreconcilable conflict.

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Chapter 1 - The Nature of Morality

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• A tangible truth about having moral principles is
• moral behavior always pays off in strictly selfish terms.
• morally responsible companies are rarely among the most profitable.
• if you do the right thing only because you think it will pay off, you're not really motivated by moral concerns.
• business is fundamentally an amoral activity.

• Which statement is true concerning moral principles and self interests?
• Statutes are laws applied in the English-speaking world before there were any common laws.
• Philosophers agree that morality is based on the commands of God.
• "Groupthink" is a positive and necessary characteristic of all groups.
• Morality serves to restrain our purely self-interested desires so that we can all live together.

• The code or principles of conduct that a person accepts
• constitute the whole of his or her morality.
• can be distinguished from the person's morality in a broader sense that includes his or her values, ideals, and

aspirations.

• rarely guide his or her conduct in practice.
• is the same as the standards of etiquette that a person accepts.

• The famous experiments by social psychologist Solomon Asch show
• the truth of utilitarianism.
• the power of peer pressure has been greatly exaggerated.
• business organizations put more pressure on individual integrity than do other kinds of organization.
• even temporary groups can pressure people to conform.

• The authors use the murder of Kitty Genovese to illustrate
• ethical relativism.
• bystander apathy.
• groupthink.
• the paradox of hedonism.

• If an argument is valid, then
• the argument is sound.
• the argument's conclusion must be true.
• the argument's premises are true.
• its conclusion must be true, if its premises are.

• Good moral judgments should be logical and
• based on religion.
• beyond rational doubt.
• based on facts and acceptable moral principles.
• coincide with what most scientifically trained people think.

• Philosophical discussion of moral issues typically involves
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