Test Bank for Evolution 2e Carl Bergstrom

Test Bank for Evolution 2e Carl Bergstrom Lee Alan Dugatkin

Chapter 01: An Overview of Evolutionary Biology

MULTIPLE CHOICE

• Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution resulted in a ________ because it changed the way we

understand how all living things came to be and how they function.

• paradigm shift c. physical theory
• null hypothesis d. static discovery

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.0 OBJ: 1.0.a. Explain the paradigm shift that occurred in biology when Darwin laid out his theory of

evolution. MSC: Remembering

• Darwin realized that the often exquisite fit of species to their environment is primarily the result of
• paradigm shifts. c. supernatural events.
• natural selection. d. empirical research.

ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.0 OBJ: 1.0.a. Explain the paradigm shift that occurred in biology when Darwin laid out his theory of

evolution. MSC: Remembering

• In describing the importance of Darwin’s theory of evolution, Theodosius Dobzhansky argued that
• nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.
• this theory of evolution changes the way we think of Earth in the universe.
• evolution can now be used to control our destiny.
• we no longer need to invoke the supernatural for any cause.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.0 OBJ: 1.0.a. Explain the paradigm shift that occurred in biology when Darwin laid out his theory of

evolution. MSC: Remembering

• Darwin’s theory of evolution provided explanations for all of the following EXCEPT
• the diversity of life on the planet.
• why the vast majority of species are extinct.
• why Earth is not the center of the universe.
• the similarities and differences among species.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.0 OBJ: 1.0.a. Explain the paradigm shift that occurred in biology when Darwin laid out his theory of

evolution. MSC: Understanding

• What is evolutionary biology?
• a description of the fossil record
• the field of science that deals with matter and its motion through space and time
• the study of interactions among organisms and their environment
• the study of the origin, maintenance, and diversity of life

ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1.a. Describe what evolutionary biology is. MSC: Remembering 1 / 4

• To understand the evolution of a species, we need to know about its ancestors and what changes have

occurred along the way. Darwin called this process

• natural selection. c. genetics.
• descent with modification. d. changes in fitness.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1.a. Describe what evolutionary biology is. MSC: Remembering

• Which of the following best summarizes the process of evolution by natural selection?
• Most mutations have harmful effects and therefore increase in frequency over time.
• Mutations that do not affect the fitness of individuals are selected to decrease in frequency

over time.

• Natural selection results in mutations that disrupt finely tuned processes.
• Mutations that improve the fitness of individuals will tend to increase in frequency over

time.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1.a. Describe what evolutionary biology is. MSC: Understanding

• Which process is demonstrated in the figure shown?

• artificial selection c. genetics
• natural selection d. paradigm shift

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1.b. Compare artificial selection with natural selection in regard to the domestication of crops

and livestock. MSC: Understanding

• In what way are natural selection and artificial selection similar?
• Both result in increased frequency of beneficial traits.
• Both rely on human intervention to prevent deleterious mutations from increasing in

frequency.

• Both have been occurring for the past 3.5 billion years.
• Neither are able to produce dramatic changes in traits.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1.b. Compare artificial selection with natural selection in regard to the domestication of crops

and livestock. MSC: Analyzing

• In what way is artificial selection different from natural selection?
• Artificial selection cannot result in changes in traits.
• Artificial selection relies on humans choosing which traits are beneficial.
• Artificial selection is only applied to plants.
• Artificial selection results in organisms that cannot survive and reproduce.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1.b. Compare artificial selection with natural selection in regard to the domestication of crops

and livestock. MSC: Analyzing

• Which of the following is an example of artificial selection? 2 / 4

• selection for pests resistant to pesticides
• selection for weeds that can grow in the presence of herbicides applied by farmers
• selection for cows that produce more milk
• selection for insects that transmit disease more efficiently

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1.b. Compare artificial selection with natural selection in regard to the domestication of crops

and livestock. MSC: Applying

• Looking at the figure, predict what will happen if a new antibiotic to the food poisoning bacteria

Campylobacter jejuni is developed and prescribed heavily by physicians, beginning this year.

• Campylobacter jejuni will be effectively treated for the next two to three decades.
• Campylobacter jejuni will be effectively treated for the next two to five years.
• The new antibiotic will make all former antibiotics for treating Campylobacter jejuni

obsolete.

• The new antibiotic will never work to treat Campylobacter jejuni.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1.c. Explain how evolutionary biology informs our understanding of antibiotic resistance.

MSC: Applying

• Antibiotic resistance evolves quickly because
• antibiotics impose strong selection for resistance.
• antibiotics cause new mutations in bacteria that result in antibiotic resistance.
• natural selection causes evolution to slow down.
• bacterial infections should not be treated with antibiotics.

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1.c. Explain how evolutionary biology informs our understanding of antibiotic resistance.

MSC: Understanding

• Why do physicians often prescribe antibiotics in combination?
• to decrease the rate at which antibiotic resistance evolves and spreads
• to prevent common side effects to the patient
• to increase the likelihood that resistance mutations will arise in the bacteria
• in case an infection is caused by both bacteria and viruses

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1.c. Explain how evolutionary biology informs our understanding of antibiotic resistance.

MSC: Understanding

• A branching tree showing historical relationships among species is known as a(n)
• species network. c. phylogenetic tree.
• natural selection tree. d. extinction chart. 3 / 4

ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1.d. Explain how a phylogenetic perspective can change how scientists address the challenges

of conservation biology. MSC: Remembering

16.

Each tip of the phylogenetic tree shown represents

• extinction. c. living or extant taxon.
• domain. d. speciation event.

ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1.d. Explain how a phylogenetic perspective can change how scientists address the challenges

of conservation biology. MSC: Remembering

• According to the phylogenetic tree shown, fungi are most closely related to which of the following?
• / 4