Test Bank for Introduction to Psychological

Test Bank for Introduction to Psychological

Science: Integrating Behavioral, Neuroscience

and Evolutionary Perspectives, 1e William Ray (All Chapters) Chapter 1

• Identify the influences of Pythagoras on Psychology?
• He believed in the importance of lived experience.
• He sought to identify the underlying scientific principles of behavior.
• He introduced empiricism.
• He believed we should only study observable behavior.
• He recognized the importance of the brain in intellect and mental disorders.

• According to Descartes on which principles is all behavior based?
• Physical
• Evolutionary
• Mechanical
• Cognitive
• Behavioral

• Who established the first Psychological laboratory?
• Freud
• Wundt
• James
• Watson
• Galen

• What term did Helmholtz give to the idea that we add to what we see based on our previous

experience?

• Inference
• Unconscious inference
• Cognitive inference
• Automatic inference
• Biased inference

• How many introspective observations did Wundt require participants to complete before using

their data?

• 100
• 1000
• 1500
• 5000
• 10000

• Mark as correct the dimensions that Wundt thought feelings could be broken down into.
• Pleasant vs unpleasant 1 / 4

• Positive vs negative
• Excitement vs calm
• Familiar vs unfamiliar
• Tension vs relaxation

• Mark as correct the characteristics of client-centred therapy.
• Unconditional positive regard
• Cognitive reframing
• Empathic understanding
• Genuineness and congruence
• Unconscious conflicts

• Which important concept did Engel introduce?
• Evidence based understanding
• Diathesis-stress
• Levels of understanding
• The biopsychosocial approach
• Epigenetics

• / 4

Chapter 2

• What is Popper referring to with this statement, “No amount of experimentation can ever

prove me right; a single experiment can prove me wrong"?

• Validity
• Reliability
• Falsification
• Operationalization
• Verification

2. A formally stated expectation is known as the:

• Aim
• Prediction
• Experimental variable
• Scientific expectation
• Hypothesis

• Watching a phenomenon occur naturally to get a general idea of what is involved in the

process is known as:

• Controlled observation
• Naturalistic observation
• Structured observation
• Unstructured observation
• A natural experiment

4. Case studies, by definition, involve the study of one or two:

• Individuals
• Groups of people
• Experimental manipulations
• Impartial observers
• Correlates of behavior

• Which of the following methods reveals associations but does not indicate causality?
• Randomized control study
• Interview
• Non-experimental
• Correlational
• Experimental

• The aspect of the experimental situation manipulated by the experimenter to test a

hypothesis is, most generally, referred to as which type of variable?

• Independent
• Dependent
• Latent
• Confounding
• Extraneous

• In a research study, it’s found that participants eat more when given a red rather than green

container of food. The red container was offered just before lunch and the green one just 3 / 4

after dinner. In this study, time of day and previous food intake are examples of which type of variable?

• Independent
• Dependent
• Latent
• Confounding
• Extraneous

• The type of validity specifically describing how well the research findings are applicable to

the real world is called:

• Construct
• Concurrent
• External
• Internal
• Face

• Which is the most appropriate measure of the scores of a whole group.
• Median
• Mean
• Mode
• Range
• Standard deviation

• This term refers to when a participant’s response is influenced more by the research setting

than by the independent variable.

• Social desirability effect
• Evaluation apprehension
• The placebo effect
• Researcher bias
• Demand characteristics

• The justification for deception in the course of research must be carefully weighed, as

deception necessarily limits the extent that which of the following can be provided by the participant?

• Anonymity
• Compensation for time and travel
• Data protection
• Voluntary informed consent
• Debriefing

• / 4