Test Bank for Restoring Justice An Introduction to

for Restoring Justice An Introduction to Restorative Justice, 6e by Daniel Ness, Karen Strong, Jonathan Derby, Lynette Parker (All Chapters)

Chapter One How Patterns of Thinking Can Obstruct Justice

• Current policies and practice of criminal justice focus almost entirely on the lawbreaker,

legal guilt, and punishment. This is because of:

• Crime victims’ demands.
• Innovations in solving crimes.

*c. A pattern of thinking that shapes our view of crime and justice.

• It’s every culture’s primary approach.

• The legal systems that form the foundation of Western law viewed crime primarily as:
• A breach of the common welfare.
• An offense against the persons harmed and their families.
• A wrong for which the person who committed the crime should make

restitution.*d. All of the above.

• Henry I’s legal claim that the king’s peace was breached when someone committed a crime

meant:

• That he could require the Church to reimburse him.

*b. That he was also a victim of that crime.

• That it was time to install public prosecutors.
• That prison sentences were too short.

• Prisons were adopted in the eighteenth century as a punishment for crime primarily in

order to:

*a. Remove people who committed crimes from their negative environments and put them in a prison for rehabilitation.

• Allow people harmed by crime to see that their suffering was taken seriously.
• Put people who committed crimes into places of suffering so that they would not

commit crimes again.

• Make an example of those who committed crimes so that others would be

deterred.

• According to the text, restitution means: 1 / 3

Restoring Justice: An Introduction to Restorative Justice, 6

th edition

• Those who commit crimes should be made better so that they become law-

abiding.*b. Persons harmed should be compensated for the harm they suffered.

• Those who commit crimes should not be punished.
• Persons harmed should sue their offenders in civil court.

• Copernicus developed the idea of “patterns of thinking.”
• True

*b. False

• Throughout history, most approaches to crime and justice have valued impartiality and

impersonality above all else.

• True

*b. False

• Private prosecution was an innovation promoted in the eighteenth century as a means of

giving persons harmed a role in the justice system.

• True

*b. False

• Prior to 1790, prisons were used almost exclusively to hold persons who had been accused

of crimes until they were tried or sentenced, or to enforce labor orders.*a. True

• False

• During what Michael Tonry called the Indeterminate Sentencing period in US policy, the

predominant sentencing value was rehabilitation.*a. True

• False

• Indigenous justice processes are what existed before the imposition of Western concepts

of justice by colonial powers.*a. True

• False

• The idea of personal responsibility rules out expecting a person who committed a crime to

pay restitution to the person they harmed.

• True

*b. False

• Eight hundred years ago, the ideal juror was not someone who was ignorant of the facts

or a stranger to the parties. They were selected because they knew the parties and knew of the dispute.*a. True 2 / 3

Restoring Justice: An Introduction to Restorative Justice, 6

th edition

• False

• A significant consequence of the government’s reliance on a criminal justice policy based

on incarceration is that many more people are deterred from committing crimes.

• True

*b. False

• Throughout history, most approaches to crime and justice have valued impartiality and

impersonality above all else.

• True

*b. False

• / 3