Test Bank for - Rossman, Roy, Swanson, Jill (All Chapters) Chap...

Test Bank for Introduction to Statistical Investigations, 2e Tintle, Chance, Cobb, Rossman, Roy, Swanson, Jill (All Chapters) 1 / 4

Chapter 1 Introduction to Statistical Investigations Test Bank

Note: TE = Text entry TE-N = Text entry - Numeric

Ma = Matching MS = Multiple select MC = Multiple choice TF = True-False E = Easy, M = Medium, H = Hard

CHAPTER 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

CLO1-1: Use the chance model to determine whether an observed statistic is unlikely to occur.CLO1-2: Calculate and interpret a p-value, and state the strength of evidence it provides against the null hypothesis.CLO1-3: Calculate a standardized statistic for a single proportion and evaluate the strength of evidence it provides against a null hypothesis.CLO1-4: Describe how the distance of the observed statistic from the parameter value specified by the null hypothesis, sample size, and one- vs. two-sided tests affect the strength of evidence against the null hypothesis.

CLO1-5: Describe how to carry out a theory-based, one-proportion z-test.

Section 1.1: Introduction to Chance Models

LO1.1-1: Recognize the difference between parameters and statistics.

LO1.1-2: Describe how to use coin tossing to simulate outcomes from a chance model of the ran- dom choice between two events.LO1.1-3: Use the One Proportion applet to carry out the coin tossing simulation.LO1.1-4: Identify whether or not study results are statistically significant and whether or not the chance model is a plausible explanation for the data.LO1.1-5: Implement the 3S strategy: find a statistic, simulate results from a chance model, and comment on strength of evidence against observed study results happening by chance alone.LO1.1-6: Differentiate between saying the chance model is plausible and the chance model is the correct explanation for the observed data.

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Test Bank for Introduction to Statistical Investigations, 2nd Edition

FOR INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY

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Questions 1 through 4:

Do red uniform wearers tend to win more often than those wearing blue uniforms in Taekwondo matches where competitors are randomly assigned to wear either a red or blue uniform? In a sample of 80 Taekwondo matches, there were 45 matches where the red uniform wearer won.

• What is the parameter of interest for this study?
• The long-run proportion of Taekwondo matches in which the red uniform wearer

wins

• The proportion of matches in which the red uniform wearer wins in a sample of 80

Taekwondo matches

• Whether the red uniform wearer wins a match

D. 0.50

Ans: A; LO: 1.1-1; Difficulty: Easy; Type: MC

• What is the statistic for this study?
• The long-run proportion of Taekwondo matches in which the red uniform wearer

wins

• The proportion of matches in which the red uniform wearer wins in a sample of 80

Taekwondo matches

• Whether the red uniform wearer wins a match

D. 0.50

Ans: B; LO: 1.1-1; Difficulty: Easy; Type: MC

• Given below is the simulated distribution of the number of “red wins” that could happen by

chance alone in a sample of 80 matches. Based on this simulation, is our observed result statistically significant?

• Yes, since 45 is larger than 40.
• Yes, since the height of the dotplot above 45 is smaller than the height of the

dotplot above 40.

• No, since 45 is a fairly typical outcome if the color of the winner’s uniform was

determined by chance alone. 3 / 4

Introduction to Financial Statements

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• No, since we could have observed a value greater than 45 just by random chance.

Ans: C; LO: 1.1-4; Difficulty: Medium; Type: MC

• What can we conclude from the results of this study? Select all that apply.
• The results of this study are something that could easily have happened if the

color of the winner’s uniform was determined by chance alone.

• We do not have convincing evidence against the “by-chance-alone” model.
• The results of this study prove that the color of the winner’s uniform was

determined by chance alone.

• We do not have convincing evidence that red uniform wearers tend to win more

often than those wearing blue uniforms.Ans: A, B, D; LO: 1.1-6; Difficulty: Hard; Type: MS

Questions 5 through 8:

Suppose you are testing to see if your dog, Hope, understands pointing towards an object. You place two objects about 2.5 meters away, then you point towards one of the objects. In 20 trials, Hope goes to the correct object 13 times (or 65%).

• Fill in the blanks with the correct One Proportion applet inputs to carry out an appropriate

simulation of this process, if Hope does not understand pointing towards an object and is just guessing.

Probability of success: _______

Sample size: _______

Number of samples: _______

Ans: 0.5 (Tol: 0), 20 (Tol: 0), Any integer as larger or larger than 1000; LO: 1.1-3; Difficulty: Easy; Type: TE-N

• Match the parts of the real study corresponding to the physical (coin-flipping) simulation:

Coin flip = _______ Heads = _______ Tails = _______ Chance of heads = _______ One repetition = _______

• 0.5, probability of Hope going to the

correct object

• Hope going to the correct object
• Hope going to the incorrect object
• One set of 20 attempts by Hope
• Hope going to an object

Ans: E, B, C, A, D; LO: 1.1-2; Difficulty: Medium; Type: Ma

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