Test Bank for Scientific American Biology for a

Test Bank for Scientific American Biology for a Changing World with Physiology, 4e Michele Shuster, Janet Vigna, Matthew Tontonoz (All Chapters Download link at the end of this file)

Chapter 01

1. A hypothesis is a statement that:

• can be changed throughout the experiment.
• can be avidly accepted by scientists.
• can be tested and proven true.
• can be tested and proven false.
• precedes a theory.

ANSWER: d

• Where are the most reliable scientific results published?
• in the daily news
• in science magazines
• in science journals
• on scientific websites
• in peer-reviewed scientific journals

ANSWER: e

3. The scientific process from beginning to end can be outlined as:

• hypothesize, test, analyze, and conclude.
• observe, hypothesize, test, analyze, and conclude.
• observe, question, test, analyze, and conclude.
• hypothesize, test, analyze, and conclude.
• observe, test, hypothesize, analyze, and conclude.

ANSWER: b

• Which sequence places the steps of the scientific process in the correct order?
• experimentquestionshypothesisread literatureconclusions
• questionsexperimentread literaturehypothesisconclusions
• read literatureexperimentquestionsconclusionhypothesis
• questionsread literaturehypothesisexperimentconclusions
• read literaturequestionsexperimenthypothesisconclusions

ANSWER: d

• In approaching a scientific problem or question, scientists will often first:
• design an experiment.
• choose test subjects. 1 / 3

• peer review a study.
• review existing literature on the topic.
• formulate a hypothesis.

ANSWER: d

• What is the importance of peer review in the scientific process?
• It helps a scientist formulate a hypothesis.
• It helps a scientist choose test subjects.
• It ensures that a study has been appropriately designed and correctly interpreted.
• It helps the scientist collect data.
• It is the first step in any scientific study.

ANSWER: c

• What are the criteria for a good hypothesis?
• It must be realistic and have only one possible result.
• It must have only one possible result and be peer reviewed.
• It must be based on anecdotal evidence and be testable.
• It must be based on peer-reviewed journal articles and be realistic.
• It must be testable and falsifiable.

ANSWER: e

• Based on previous published data and some preliminary experiments done in my lab, I hypothesize that a

drug called “shrinkase” will inhibit the growth of a particular type of cancerous tumor. What is my next step in the scientific process?

• find people with that kind of tumor
• obtain a large supply of shrinkase
• determine what my control and experimental groups will be
• submit my hypothesis for peer review
• analyze the results of my experiments

ANSWER: c

• If the results of an experiment contradict the hypothesis, you have _____ the hypothesis.
• supported
• falsified
• proved
• failed
• verified

ANSWER: b

• Scientific journals send out potential articles to other scientists who are working in the same research area,

and those scientists make comments regarding the research. This is known as:

• jurisprudence.
• peer rebuttal.
• journalistic integrity. 2 / 3

• journalistic license.
• peer review.

ANSWER: e

• You have the following known facts: Smoking causes accumulation of materials in the lungs, thereby

decreasing the oxygen-absorbing capability of the lungs. Long-term smoking causes more accumulation of materials in the lungs. Decreased lung capacity increases the workload of the heart. Which hypothesis can you formulate from these observations?

• People who never smoke will never develop lung problems.
• Long-term smokers have poorer heart health than nonsmokers.
• New smokers have poorer heart health than long-term smokers.
• Stopping smoking eliminates lung problems within two years.
• Stopping smoking eliminates heart problems within two years.

ANSWER: b

• I notice that all the students in my class seem very drowsy 45 minutes into my class period. Knowing that it

could not possibly be my lecture putting them to sleep, I consider other factors such as the fact that my class is at 5 P.M. and the sun is usually setting at that time of the day, which I think may make people drowsy. What type of evidence am I collecting in making this observation?

• experimental
• anecdotal
• peer reviewed
• coincidental
• untestable

ANSWER: b

• Evidence that is not based on systematic scientific study is known as _____ evidence.
• empirical
• causational
• anecdotal
• logical
• statistical

ANSWER: c

14. A controlled experiment describes the use of:

• separate control and experimental groups.
• precise measurements.
• accurate and careful measurements.
• more than one variable changing separately.
• careful testing of the hypothesis.

ANSWER: a

• In a controlled experiment, the control and experimental groups differ in the:
• environmental variable.
• / 3