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Sernau, Social Inequality in a Global Age, 6e SAGE Publishing, 2020

Chapter 1: The Gordian Knot of Race, Class, and Gender

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

• A system of inequality that involves distinct levels of privilege is called ______.
• class consciousness
• social stratification
• a Gordian knot
• a gathering society

Ans: B

• Why is it important to study patterns and not just individual cases?
• Patterns reveal oppression but individuals reveal privilege.
• Patterns show that individual efforts do not matter.
• Patterns help us identify how society constrains people’s choices.
• Patterns tell us more about “luck.”

Ans: C

• When people connect their personal experiences to broader patterns in society, they

are ______.

• using their sociological imagination
• adopting a social stratification framework
• applying intersectional theory
• untying the Gordian knot

Ans: A

• We see evidence of social stratification in production plants when ______.
• jobs are assigned based on qualifications
• jobs are assigned based on race and gender
• White people blame Black people for taking jobs
• profits and wages remain stagnant

Ans: B

• In analyzing inequality, sociologists treat race and gender as ______.
• social statuses
• additive effects
• biological categories
• distinct from social class

Ans: A

• Some of the most egalitarian societies in human experience have been ______.
• industrialized societies 2 / 4

Sernau, Social Inequality in a Global Age, 6e SAGE Publishing, 2020

• laissez-faire capitalist societies
• hunting and gathering societies
• advanced agrarian societies

Ans: C

• One would expect to find the least job specialization in a(n) ______.
• hunting and gathering
• horticultural society
• agrarian society
• industrial society

Ans: A

• In the hunter-gatherer society, members of a society share goods based on ______.
• gender
• social status
• redistribution
• reciprocity

Ans: D

• Horticultural societies have ______, while agrarian societies have ______.
• shifting gardens; continuous cultivation
• continuous cultivation; shifting gardens
• reciprocity; redistribution of goods
• redistribution of goods; reciprocity

Ans: A

• ______ contributed to the growth of inequality in horticultural societies.
• Consolidation of wealth
• The emergence of money lenders
• Artisanal trade
• Movement from reciprocity to redistribution

Ans: D

• Which of the following best characterizes the relationship between genders in

horticultural societies?

• Men work outside the women, while women work in the home.
• Men have strict gender roles, but women have more flexible roles.
• Men were often leaders, but women helped organize society.
• Men submitted to nobles, while women submitted to their husbands.

Ans: C

• In agrarian societies, the management of goods shifted from redistribution to

______.

• reciprocity
• capitalism
• markets 3 / 4

Sernau, Social Inequality in a Global Age, 6e SAGE Publishing, 2020

• feudalism

Ans: C

• Which of the following reflects the order in which most human societies have

developed?

• hunting and gathering, horticultural, agrarian, industrial
• hunting and gathering, agrarian, horticultural, industrial
• agrarian, hunting and gathering, horticultural, industrial
• horticultural, hunting and gathering, agrarian, industrial

Ans: A

• Extrapolating from Sernau, which of the following first contributes to the rise of

increasingly patriarchal societies?

• the ability of men, but not women, to own land
• the relaxation of sexual norms
• the proliferation of jobs during industrialization
• the scarcity of laborers in frontier societies

Ans: A

• Frontier societies refer to those that form when ______.
• merchants open new markets
• newcomers displace native populations
• feudalism collapses
• natural resources are scarce

Ans: B

• Today, former frontier societies can most often be identified by their ______.
• racial inequality
• class inequality
• gender inequality
• postindustrial booms

Ans: A

• The Kuznets curve implied that as societies fully industrialized, they would ______.
• become less equal
• become more equal
• have less mobility
• have more mobility

Ans: B

• Many of the world’s most unequal current societies are in ______.
• the advanced industrial world
• the horticultural societies of the Pacific basin
• Latin American industrializing agrarian societies
• postcommunist societies of Eastern Europe

Ans: C

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