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Test Bank for The Development of Children 8th Edition By Cynthia Lightfoot, Michael Cole, Sheila Cole (All Chapters, 100% Original Verified, A+ Grade)
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Chapter 01: Essay
Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
- Describe some of the factors that led to an interest in the scientific study of children's development in the
nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
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- Describe the criteria that distinguish scientific studies of human development from more casual forms of
observation.
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- Explain how developmental science is interdisciplinary. Give at least one example in support of your
explanation.
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- Describe in general terms the kind of research method you would use if you wanted to study the full
complexity of human language development in children's everyday contexts.
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- Describe in general terms the kind of research method you would use if you wanted to study how exposure to
words on television causes children's vocabulary to expand.
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- Restate in your own words and give examples that support the following quote: "From the earliest hours of
life, cultural conceptions of what children are and what the future holds for them influence the way parents interpret their children's behavior and shape their experience."
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- Briefly describe how the sociocultural approach to understanding human development differs from the
constructivist approach.
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- Your text discusses the fundamental ethical concerns of developmentalists who conduct research. Describe
two of these concerns.
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- How did the growth of industrialization during the nineteenth century change the lives of children?
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- What does it mean to say that events are correlated? Give an example of a positive correlation, a negative
correlation, and a zero correlation.
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- What does it mean when a researcher says, "Correlation is not causation"?
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- Differentiate between naturalistic observations and experiments. What are the advantages and disadvantages
of each research method? 2 / 3
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Chapter 01: Essay
Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
ANSWER:
- Describe the essential elements of the experimental method. In your answer, be certain to discuss the
relation between the experimental condition and the control condition.
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- What is a clinical interview? What are the strengths and weaknesses of collecting data in this way?
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- Why are researchers concerned about cohort effects? Give an example of how cohort difference might affect
the interpretation of results of a cross-sectional study.
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- Assume that you are interested in examining how children's relationships with their parents change over
time. Propose a research study (discuss both method and design) that could be used to explore this topic.
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- Suppose that a research study reports gender differences in children's toy choices. Provide an explanation
for this finding that is consistent with social learning theory.
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- Provide a current example of each of the four fundamental issues concerning the process of development.
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- Explain how longitudinal and cross-sectional designs differ. What are the advantages and disadvantages of
each?
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- Describe the ways that views of childhood have shifted throughout history. What sources of information
inform us about earlier beliefs?
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- What are system theories? Explain how dynamic systems theories and ecological systems theories differ.
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- In what ways are the constructivist and sociocultural approaches similar? In what ways do they differ?
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- Explain how the various theories in developmental science differ.
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