Textbook, 1e Jagriti

Biosensors An Introductory Textbook, 1e Jagriti Narang

(Solutions Manual All Chapter)

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Chapter 1

Problem 1: What are nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nanoplates?

Nanomaterials have different morphologies according to their individual shapes and dimensions. Nanoparticles are those nanomaterials in which all the three dimensions of the object are within the nanoscale. Nanotubes have a diameter in the nanoscale but can be several hundred nanometers long, or even longer.Nanoplates have a thickness at the nanoscale, but their other two dimensions can be quite large.

Problem 2: What are the uses of nanoparticles?

Nanotechnology is used in many commercial products and processes.For example, nanomaterials are used to manufacture lightweight, strong materials for boat hulls, sports equipments, and automotive parts. Nanomaterials are also used in sunscreens and cosmetics.Nanostructured products are used to produce space-saving insulators, which are useful when size and weight are at a premium, for instance when insulating long pipelines in remote places or trying to reduce heat loss from an old house. Nanostructured catalysts make chemical manufacturing processes more efficient, by saving energy and reducing waste.In healthcare, nanoceramics are used in some dental implants or to fill holes in diseased bones, because their mechanical and chemical properties can be “tuned” to attract bone cells from the surrounding tissue to make new bone. Some pharmaceutical products have been reformulated with nanosized particles to improve their absorption Problems and Solutions 2 / 3

2Problems and Solutions and make them easier to administer. Opticians apply nanocoatings to eyeglasses to make them easier to keep clean and harder to scratch, and nanoenabled coatings are used on fabrics to make clothing stain-resistant and easy to care for.Almost all high-performance electronic devices manufactured in the past decade use some nanomaterials. Nanotechnology helps build new transistor structures and interconnects for the fastest, most advanced computing chips.

Problem 3: Describe the advantages of nanomaterials for biosensor

fabrication.Advantages of using nanomaterials in the fabrication of biosensors include large surface area, promotion of faster electron kinetics, electrocatalysis, increased conductance, biocompatible microenvironment for biomolecules, capability of engineering, and facile synthesis.

Problem 4: What are the major advantages and disadvantages of

green synthesis of nanoparticles?Green synthesis of nanoparticles has many advantages such as facile preparation protocols and lesser toxicity compared to chemically synthesized ones, which are significant in bio-based applications.However, on the flip side, it is a challenge to control the size of green synthesized nanoparticles in view of difficulties in standardization of the synthesis process. An important challenge in technology is to tailor various properties of nanoparticles by controlling their size and shape.

Problem 5: What are the advantages of the sol–gel process in the

synthesis of nanomaterials?Advantages of the sol–gel process in the synthesis of nanomaterials are high purity, isotropy, tunable porosity and composition, and low temperature annealing.Chapter 2

Problem 1: What is the major problem associated with Ag

nanoparticles synthesis?

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