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THII Final Exam
GRADED A+ (ACTUAL EXAM ) Questions and Answers (Solved)
- (Simon) Peter
Answer: "Rock" on whom Jesus chose to build his church. Peter, who denied Jesus three times before his death, was given a special role among the Apostles. He gave a powerful speech at Pentecost (called the kerygma of Peter) that began a flurry of growth in the early Church. Peter's missionary career took place in and around Jerusalem; he was martyred in Rome around 64 AD.
- Paul (Saul) of Tarsus
Answer: Pharisee who, as Saul of Tarsus, persecuted Christians and even oversaw
the stoning of Stephen, the first martyr of the Church.
Had a conversion experience wherein he was blinded and then spoken to by Jesus; this prompted him to change his name to Paul.
Became the "Missionary to the Gentiles" who made several missionary journeys around the Roman empire in order to proclaim the gospel and promote Christianity.Advocated that Gentiles should not need to be circumcized in order to become Christian. Composed several letters to early Christian communities that are read regularly at Sunday Mass.
Martyred in Rome around 67 AD.
- Stephen
Answer: The first Christian martyr and one of the first deacons of the early Church.His stoning was overseen by Paul (Saul at the time).
- Pope St. John Paul II
Answer: Pope from 1978-2005 who focused on ministry to youth and promoted
ecumenism by meeting frequently with other religious leaders, asking that they forgive the Roman Catholic Church; he also composed the encyclical "Ut Unum Sint," which taught that ecumenism involves everyone, clergy and faithful alike. Also oversaw the creation of the Catechism of the Catholic Church.
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- Thomas Merton
Answer: Cistercian monk who was raised in a non-religious household and known in his early years for partying and womanizing. Feeling called to the priesthood, he was rejected by the Franciscan order before joining the Trappists in 1941.
His spiritual autobiography, "The Seven Storey Mountain," in which he explained that life in the monastery had helped him to reach greater holiness than those who "lived in the world," became a bestseller.
THEN he had a powerful conversion experience in which he suddenly felt a mystical union with strangers on a city street in Louisville, KY and realized that all people are united and belong to God; all people "walk around shining like the sun," and that holiness is present right in the middle of ordinary life.
- Martin Luther
Answer: German Catholic monk and church reformer who challenged the practice
of indulgences and other corruption within the Church during the early sixteenth century. Composed the Ninety-Five Theses and the three "solas" of Protestantism, which set off the Protestant Reformation.
- Pope Francis
Answer: First pope from Latin America; current pope of the Catholic Church who
belongs to the Jesuit order. Goal: re-focus the Church on the gospel, especially care for the poor and vulnerable, including the environment, modeled after St. Francis of Assisi. Views the Church as a "field hospital" that goes out to the wounded world and heals it.
- Council of Jerusalem
Answer: First ecumenical council of the Church, which took place around AD 50 in Jerusalem to discuss whether Gentiles could become Christian. The result of this debate, led by the Apostles Paul and Barnabas and the Apostle James, the leader of
the Jerusalem Church: Gentiles could become Christian without needing to submit
themselves to circumcision or follow Jewish dietary laws.
- Council of Nicea
Answer: Council of the Church held in Nicea (in what is now Turkey) in 325 AD
which condemned Arianism and expressed the Church's belief in the Nicene Creed, stating that Jesus is constubstantial with the Father, not one of his creatures.
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