To be completed throughout course and submitted in Week 8

Neurotransmitter Table

• To be completed throughout course and submitted in Week 8*

Neuro transmitter Receptor Subtype Location/Function/Effects /symptoms of excess or deficit if applicable Distribution

(ie: CNS/PNS,

GI, vascular) Drug classes that target this neurotransmitter or receptor Specific medications that target this neurotransmitter or receptor Glutamate AMPA Ligand-gated ion channels Modulates cell excitability by allowing the flow of calcium and sodium ions into the cell.Located at the CNS in neurons and glia.Excess has resulted in schizophrenia, epilepsy, and mania.CNS NMDA glutamate antagonist Barbituates Antiepileptics Memantine PCP Ketamine Dextromethorphan Dextromethadone Parampanel NMDA Ligand-gated ion channels, strengthens synapses and involved in strong memory formation. Excess is associated with memory and learning impairments, psychosis, and excitotoxic brain injury.CNS NMDA receptor antagonist Antipsychotics Loop Diuretics Opiates Antidepressants Memantine Amantadine Ketamine Dextromethorphan Methadone Dextropropoxyphene Ketobemidone Furosemide Haldol Tramadol GABA GABA a Ligand-gated ion channels Functions as postsynaptic inhibition by CI-influx Inotropic receptor Reduces fear, anxiety, and CNS Limbic system Striatum Medulla Spinal Cord Benzodiazepines Hypnotics Neuroactive steroids Lorazepam, Clonazepam, Alprazolam Zolpidem, Zopiclone, zaleplon Allopregnanolone 1 / 2

convulsions Pancreas GABA b G-Protein Linked Functions as pre-synaptic inhibition by lowering calcium ion entry while post-synaptic inhibitions by increasing potassium ion permeability Reduces fear, anxiety, and convulsions CNS/PNS GABA-b receptor agonists, Antispastic Anesthetics Baclofen Arbaclofen Placarbil Propofol Serotonin 5HT 5HT 1a Somatodendritic auto receptors Inhibits actions of 5HT neurons pre-synaptically and other NTs post- synaptically. Located on cell body and dendrites in the midbrain raphe

Targets: anxiety,

depression, negative symptoms in schizophrenia, decreases sexual dysfunction and lack of weight gain with antidepressants, boosts actions of SSRIs and SNRIs Cerebral Cortex Midbrain raphe Hippocampus Amygdala Basal Ganglia Thalamus Found on GABA neurons SSRIs, SNRIs, SGAs, FGAs, MAOIs, TCAs, Mood stabilizers Buspirone Clozapine Trazodone Lurasidone Quetiapine Valproate Lithium Brexpiprazole Aripiprazole Cariprazine Vortioxetene 5HT 1B Autoreceptor located on the presynaptic axon terminal Acts as negative feedback to detect presence of 5HT, which decreases further release of 5HT and neuronal impulse flow and CNS, Vascular, Cardiac Antidepressants SGAs Asenapine Vortioxetene Iloperidone Clozapine Olanzapine Quetiapine Zotepine Risperidone

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