UofSC BIO302 Exam 1- Stephanie Ackerson

UofSC BIO302 Exam 1- Stephanie Ackerson Latest Update - Actual Exam with 150 Questions and 100% Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+ Approved by the Professor

A - CORRECT ANSWER: Alanine (1 letter)

Activation of enzymes through ligand binding: why would this be useful? - CORRECT ANSWER: The binding of a ligand to an allosteric site of a multimeric enzyme often induces positive cooperativity, that is the binding of one substrate induces a favorable conformation change and increases the enzyme's likelihood to bind to a second substrate.

Ala - CORRECT ANSWER: Alanine (3 letter)

Arg - CORRECT ANSWER: Arginine (3 letter)

Asn - CORRECT ANSWER: Asparagine (3 letter)

Asp - CORRECT ANSWER: Aspartic Acid (3 letter)

Barr body and relation to heterochromatin and gene expression - CORRECT ANSWER:

-Heterochromatin protein-1 is a component of the Barr body -Once established, the heterochromatic state of the mammalian inactive X chromosome must be maintained to prevent reactivation of X-linked gene expression.

Binding site - CORRECT ANSWER: - The folding of the polypeptide chain creates a

cavity on the protein surface

C - CORRECT ANSWER: Cysteine (1 letter) 1 / 3

Centromeres - CORRECT ANSWER: •Each chromosome has multiple origins of

replication, 1 centromere, and 2 telomeres •In M phase, the centromere attaches the duplicated chromosomes to the mitotic spindle with help of the kinetochore •The centromere helps to hold the duplicated chromosomes together until they are ready to be separated

Chaperone proteins - CORRECT ANSWER: - can guide the folding of newly

synthesized polypeptide chain

• some act as isolation chambers that help a polypeptide fold

Chargaff's Rules - CORRECT ANSWER: -given by Erwin Chargaff

-state that in the DNA of any species and any organism, the amount of guanine should be equal to the amount of cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to the amount of thymine

Chromosome painting - CORRECT ANSWER: exposure to a collection of fluorescent

dye-labeled DNA -shows us genetic defects through chromosomes

Cys - CORRECT ANSWER: Cysteine (3 letter)

Cytokinesis - CORRECT ANSWER: division of the cytoplasm to form two separate

daughter cells

D - CORRECT ANSWER: Aspartic Acid (1 letter)

Denatured Protein - CORRECT ANSWER: a protein whose structure has been changed

by physical or chemical agents

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Directionality of DNA - CORRECT ANSWER: -Transcription occurs in the 5' to 3'

direction, based on orientation of sugar.-Directionality: 3' end carries the unlinked -OH group attached to the 3' position on the sugar. 5' carries a free phosphate group attached to the 5' position

Disulfide Bonds - CORRECT ANSWER: -Strong chemical side bonds formed when the

sulfur atoms in two adjacent protein chains are joined together.-help stabilize a favored protein conformation

DNA experiment- 1944; why is it important - CORRECT ANSWER: •Avery, Macleod,

and McCarty prepared an extract from the disease-causing S strain and fractionated it into different fractions including RNA, protein, DNA, lipids, and carbohydrates •DNA can permanently change the harmless R strain into the pathogenic S strain •The first evidence that DNA can serve as the genetic material

DNA experiment- late 1920s; why is it important - CORRECT ANSWER: •The bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae comes in 2 forms that differ in their ability to cause disease

•S strain: Smooth colonies and pathogenic (lethal).

•R strain: Rough colonies and harmless

•In the late 1920s, Fred Griffith found that a substance present in the pathogenic S strain could permanently transform the nonlethal R strain into the deadly S strain -avery et al used this study for theirs

• Heat-killed bacteria can transform living cells

DNA replication - CORRECT ANSWER: - accurate duplication of the genetic information carried in DNA •Occurs before a cell can produce 2 genetically identical daughter cells

E - CORRECT ANSWER: Glutamic acid (1 letter)

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