Website Questions - Purves • Cabeza • Huettel • LaBar • Pla...

Website Questions by David Holtzman to accompany Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience, Second Edition Purves • Cabeza • Huettel • LaBar • Platt • Woldorff • Brannon

Chapter 1: Cognitive Neuroscience: Definitions, Themes, and Approaches

• Behaviorism
• involves highly controlled experiments.
• rejects subjective work on mental functions.
• matches objective external stimuli to measurable behavior.
• led to the discovery of operant conditioning.
• All of the above

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: Cognition

• According to Miller’s view of memory, which of the following is true?
• Perceptual judgments can represent up to 20 bits of memory.
• Memory processes recode complex stimuli into smaller units for cognitive processing.
• Memory is a passive representation of sensory stimuli.
• Behavior based on memory does not have to be explained in terms of underlying processes.
• Rewards make it more likely that subjects will better remember the behavior just prior to receiving the

reward.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: Cognition

• Who used human language as an argument that behaviorism could never explain the structural and

generative properties of mental phenomena?

• B. F. Skinner
• George Miller
• Noam Chomsky
• John Watson
• William James

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: Cognition

• Cognitive models
• explain brain-behavior relationships based strictly on input-output relationships.
• unify research on mental processes based on specific experimental approaches.
• differ from stimulus-response models by predicting that sensory input leads to some behavioral output.
• suggest that psychological processes and internal states are based on factors extrinsic to a specific

experiment.

• suggest that internal mechanisms are not necessary for understanding behavior.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: Cognition

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• Psychological constructs
• help explain diverse phenomena without reference to their ultimate causes in the brain.
• are elements of cognitive models.
• can spark new and unexpected research directions..
• can lead to progress with gradual refinement and careful experimentation.
• All of the above

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: Cognition

• Neuroscience is concerned with
• the organization and function of animal and human nervous systems.
• only the nervous systems of simple animal models.
• proving phrenology correct.
• dismissing the localization of function in the brain.
• the psychic “spirits” hypothesized by Descartes.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: Neuroscience

• Which of the following turned out to be a correct idea from phrenology?
• The cerebral cortex can be mapped by bumps on the skull.
• Skull measurements have direct relationships to underlying brain structure and function.
• Different parts of the brain contribute to different sorts of information processing.
• Phrenology is accepted as a medical practice today.
• The function of the cerebral cortex coincides with the relative size of skull contours.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: Neuroscience

• Neural signals are
• transmitted from the neuronal cell body to other neurons via dendrites.
• received by dendrites from other neurons.
• conducted from the axon to the neuronal cell body.
• electrical signals that are only found in dendrites.
• neurotransmitters that diffuse down axons and continue as electrical synapses across synapses.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: Neuroscience

• Action potentials are
• neurotransmitters that cross the synapse.
• used mostly to transmit information between neurons.
• signals that normally travel from the cell body to the dendrites.
• signals transmitted long distances along neuronal axons.
• electrical signals that are too small to measure.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: Neuroscience

• Which of the following is true about synapses?
• Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft of synapses.
• The terminals of neuronal axons release neurotransmitters at synapses.
• Neurotransmitters bind to receptor molecules on target neurons. 2 / 4

• Synapses form inputs onto the dendrites of neurons.
• All of the above

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: Neuroscience

• Which is true of the somatosensory cortex?
• Each part of the body is equally represented across its surface.
• Penfield used weak electrical currents on its surface to elucidate a sensory map of the body.
• Stimulation of its surface results in movement of a specific part of the body.
• Sherrington was the first to map the somatosensory cortex.
• A motor homunculus is represented on the somatosensory cortex.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: Neuroscience

• Cognitive neuroscience
• is driven primarily by the search for neuronal correlates of cognition.
• is studied mostly by using an MRI scanner to understand cognitive functions.
• attempts to create biologically grounded models of cognitive function.
• closely resembles behaviorism in its approach to understanding behavior and cognition.
• relies mostly on the study of brain anatomy.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: Cognitive Neuroscience: The Neurobiological Approach to Cognition

• The approach of combining results from multiple experimental paradigms to understand a single

theoretical concept is called

• convergence.
• complementarity.
• social cognition.
• electroencephalography.
• phrenology.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: Methods: Convergence and Complementarity

• Cognitive neuroscientists benefit from
• using different experimental methods to arrive at the same conclusion.
• different techniques for understanding brain function.
• meta-analysis techniques.
• using human and animal subjects.
• All of the above

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: Methods: Convergence and Complementarity

• Which technique demonstrates the most spatial resolution for studying brain function?
• Single neuron (unit) recording
• Event-related potentials (ERPs)
• Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
• Electroencephalography (EEG)
• Positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer: a 3 / 4

Textbook Reference: Methods: Convergence and Complementarity

• Which technique provides information about brain metabolism and blood flow?
• Event-related potentials (ERPs)
• Positron emission tomography (PET)
• Electroencephalography (EEG)
• Single neuron (unit) recording
• Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: Methods: Convergence and Complementarity

• Which technique can be used to alter brain function to understand how a specific brain region may be

involved with a specific cognitive process?

• Single neuron (unit) recording
• Positron emission tomography (PET
• Event-related potentials (ERPs)
• Drug administration
• Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: Methods: Convergence and Complementarity

• Which of the following is an important part of meta-analysis?
• It uses one study with many research subjects.
• It combines data across multiple studies to effectively increase the sample size.
• It relies on the use of small samples sizes from a single study.
• It forces researchers to use the same technique.
• Physiological data are usually a key component.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: Methods: Convergence and Complementarity

• Which of the following identifies a comprehensive set of studies on the same cognitive function and

then looks for similarities among their results?

• Quantitative meta-analysis
• Activation likelihood estimation
• Qualitative meta-analysis
• Semantic meta-analysis
• Scientometrics

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: Methods: Convergence and Complementarity

• Which of the following combines studies according to similarity in their underlying concepts?
• Quantitative meta-analysis
• Activation likelihood estimation
• Qualitative meta-analysis
• Semantic meta-analysis
• Fourier analysis

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: Methods: Convergence and Complementarity

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