Week 5 Final: NR565 NR-565

Week 5 Final: NR565 / NR-565

(Latest Update 2025 / 2026) Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals | Test Module Questions & Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Chamberlain

Question:

TZD refers to what diabetic drug class of medications?

Answer:

Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones)

(Pioglitazone)

Question:

DPP4-I refers to what diabetic drug class of medications?

Answer:

Gliptins (Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors)

(Sitagliptin) 1 / 3

Question:

SGLT2i refers to what diabetic drug class of medications?

Answer:

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors

(Canagliflozin)

Question:

Which drug class should be considered for diabetes prior to insulin?

Answer:

biguanide, is the drug of choice for initial therapy in most patients with type 2 diabetes

Typically, metformin is started immediately after the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes

thiazolidinedione, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, a sodium- glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. A sulfonylurea or basal insulin should be considered if the patient does not achieve goal with these drugs

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Question:

Ratio of basal insulin to rapid-acting insulin in total daily dose (TDD) of insulin --(example included)

Answer:

Total daily insulin dose (TDD) calculation includes basal insulin replacement and bolus insulin replacement. Basal insulin replacement encompasses approximately 50% of the total daily insulin dose which replaces insulin from fasting (overnight) and between meals. This dose is usually constant. Bolus insulin replacement encompasses approximately 50% of the total daily insulin dose and provides carbohydrate coverage and high blood sugar correction.The bolus dose for carbohydrate or food coverage is prescribed as an insulin to carbohydrate ratio, which represents how many grams of carbohydrate are covered or disposed of by 1 unit of insulin.

For example, the total daily dose (TDD) of insulin can be calculated by taking the total weight of the patient's weight in kilograms (kg), which is 80 kg (184 pounds) multiplied by 0.6 units equals 48 units. This means 24 units of the TDD is the basal insulin dose of glargine (Lantus) (50%) and the other 24 units of rapid-acting bolus/mealtime insulin (50%).

Question:

Know the carbohydrate-to insulin ratio when calculating basal insulin

Answer:

The mealtime carbohydrate-to-insulin dose is calculated using the 450 rule for regular insulin and the 500 rule for rapid-acting insulin; thus 500 is divided by the TDD insulin, 48 equals 10.4 (this is rounded down to 10). The carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio is 1:10. If the meal is 60 grams of carbohydrates, 60 is divided by 10, which equals 6 units of rapid-acting insulin for carbohydrate coverage.

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