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WELL DETAILED ANSWERS|LATEST
PASS Anesthesia - ANSWER a state of reduced neurologic function
General Anesthesia - ANSWER complete loss of consciousness and loss of body reflexes, including paralysis of respiratory muscles
local anesthesia - ANSWER no paralysis of respiratory function, elimination of pain sensation in the tissues innervated by anesthetized nerves
Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC) - ANSWER local anesthesia along with sedation and analgesia
Inhalational anesthestics - ANSWER volatile liquids or gases that are vaporized in oxygen and inhaled (GA)
Parenteral anesthetics - ANSWER administered intravenously (GA)
Adjunct anesthetics - ANSWER drug that enhances clinical therapy when used simultaneously with another drug
Balanced anesthesia - ANSWER administration of minimal doses of multiple anesthetic drugs; more controlled/balanced
Overton-Meyer theory - ANSWER potency varies directly with lipid solubility
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lipid soluble drugs stronger than water soluble
nerve cell membranes have high lipid content as well as the BBB
Organ system changes - ANSWER Vasodilation, skeletal muscle relaxation, hypotension, and increased intracranial pressure
Indications - ANSWER GA used during surgical procedures; rapid onset, quickly metabolized; electroconvulsive therapy treatments for depression
Contraindications - ANSWER known drug allergy; depending on drug type: pregnancy, narrow-angle glaucoma, acute porphyria, known history of malignant hyperthermia
Adverse effects - ANSWER heart, peripheral circulation, liver, kidneys, respiratory tract
myocardial depression commonly seen
What is malignant hyperthermia? - ANSWER A life-threatening condition that occurs during or after volatile inhaled general anesthesia or the use of the neuromuscular blocking drug succinylcholine.
What is a key symptom of malignant hyperthermia? - ANSWER Sudden elevation in body temperature greater than 104F.
What are common signs of malignant hyperthermia? - ANSWER Tachypnea, tachycardia, and muscle rigidity.
How is malignant hyperthermia treated? - ANSWER With cardiorespiratory supportive care and dantrolene, a skeletal muscle relaxant.
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