WGU C182 Introduction to IT

WGU C182 Introduction to IT 53 studiers today 4.8 (128 reviews) Students also studied Terms in this set (230) Western Governors UniversityD 333 Save Intro to IT - WGU Section 2 Starter S...55 terms anna_striedel1 Preview WGU C182 Introduction to IT 255 terms rwdixon1993Preview

WGU C182

57 terms ChristiAnnaBanana Preview Introdu 70 terms quiq Information TechnologyThe technology used in creating, maintaining, and making information accessible.IT Professional RolesAdministration and Support System AdministratorMaintains all aspects of the system including hardware, software, and programming.Network AdministratorIn charge of all aspects of the computer network Database AdministratorFocuses on the design, development, and support of database management systems (DBMSs).Security AdministratorInstalls, configures, and administers firewall security to protect systems and proactively work to stop intrusions.Web AdministratorInstalls, configures, maintains, secures, and troubleshoots web severs.Support IT ProfessionalsHelp desk and training.InformationProcessed data.DIKW HierarchyDefines the transition of data to information to knowledge to wisdom. (Data Information Knowledge Wisdom) Data in DIKWThe input directly received by the user (or computer). It is generally not usable until it has been converted into a relevant form.

Information in DIKWHaving been inferred from data; one or more processes have been applied to the data to transform it into a more useful form.Knowledge in DIKWInformation that has been put to use; information placed into a context. Refined information such that the user of the knowledge is able to call forth only relevant portions of information when needed.Wisdom in DIKWProvides a social setting to knowledge; an understanding of the "why". Can only come by having both knowledge and experience.Information SystemsA collection of data and information used to support the management of an organization. Also refers to the technical components and human resources that enable the assembly, storage, and processing of data and the delivery of information. This has existed for a lot longer than computers.Characteristics of Quality DataRelevance - the data being used must apply directly to the decision being made Timely - data must be efficient and must be provided in a timely manner Thorough - the data must be complete Accurate - data should be captured only once, where possible and should be captured as close to the point of activity as possible.Reliable - data should reflect stable and consistent data collection processes across collections points and over time IPOSThe Input-Procession-Output-Storage Cycle InputRaw data is entered by the user.ProcessingRaw data is organized or structured for usefulness.OutputInformation is output so user can see results.StorageProcessed information is stored for permanent record.Computer SystemA collection of components that work together to meet the needs of the user; typically categorized as either hardware, software, networks, or users.HardwarePhysical components of a computer system which include the system unit and its components and peripheral devices; tangible aspects of the computer.SoftwareComputer programs that tell the computer what to do--how to execute commands and process information NetworkA collection of computers and resources connected by various media so that they can communicate with each other.UserThose who use a computer.

Software CategoriesSystems Software and Applications Software Evolution of UsersFirst users were the engineers who built and programmed computers, then employees who had received specialized training were users, and now today, anyone and everyone can be a user.ProtocolRules provided by which networks communicate with each other.TCP/IPTransmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. Most commonly used protocol; is required of all computers that communicate over the Internet.Protocol StackA collection of protocols. TCP/IP is an example.Components of a ComputerCPU, Memory and Storage, Peripheral Devices CPUExecutes programs' instructions and commands various components in the computer. Referred to as the "chip".MemoryStores the programs being executed and the data they are using.I/O SubsystemAll peripheral devices where long term storage devices are used.BusPermits information to move between each component; electrical channels that enable communication among the electronic components System UnitCritical component of all computer based systems; consists of most of the hardware the computer needs in order to run; comes in a variety of shapes and sizes.Internal Components of the System UnitCase, Internal Bays, Buses, Ports, Hard Drive, Motherboard, CPU, CPU Cooler, Memory Module (RAM), Power Supply Unit (PSU), Expansion Slots/Cards Parts of the CPUControl Unit (CU) - retrieves the instructions and the raw data that is input and coordinates or controls the sending of those instructions and data to the ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) - does the actual processing of the data; completing mathematical calculations and logical operations to process the data and converting the input of the keyboard text entry to output displayed on the screen System ClockControls the speed at which instructions are processed.RAMStands for Random Access Memory.It temporarily stores data before it is processed and sent to your screen or printer.It is volatile (means data or information stored disappears when the computer is turned off or loses power).You can choose the amount of RAM your computer has.

Types of RAMDynamic RAM (DRAM) - typically called main memory Static RAM (SRAM) - cache memory and registers BIOS ROMBIOS stands for Basic Input Output System; ROM stands for Read Only Memory.Typically stored in ROM chip on the motherboard.Is software not hardware, ("basic" operating system that runs when the computer is first turned on).Runs tests of memory and the CPU and initializes hardware components so that the actual Operating System can be loaded from the hard disk.Can't choose the amount or contents.1st Generation of ComputersVacuum tubes, relay switches, the need to program in machine language 2nd Generation of ComputersTransistor components, magnetic core memory, smaller size, easier to program, disk drives and drums, called mainframe computers 3rd Generation of ComputersSilicon chips (known as ICs - integrated circuits), reduced cost, called mini computers, networks introduced via dumb terminals 4th Generation of ComputersSingle chip processor, called microcomputer, first personal computer, rudimentary computer graphics, home use Moore's LawDoubling of transistor count roughly every 18 - 24 months (exponential increase); observation, not physical law Evolution of StoragePunch cards, magnetic tape, hard disks, floppy disks, optical discs, flash memory, cloud storage Machine/Low-level LanguageWritten for a specific machine by the engineers who built and ran the computers; no need for OS since only one program could run at a time Assembly LanguageEasier than machine but still required detailed, precise low level instructions Language Translator ProgramsFunction is to translate one program language into another; take source code and convert it to another form; source code by itself cannot be read by a computer ComplierImprove language translator; requires that the components of the software all be defined before compilation can begin; code is more effcient Structured ProgrammingProgrammer is limited to high level control constructs such as while loops, for loops, and if/else statements and not allowed to use primitive GOTO statements Object Oriented ProgrammingInitially introduced in Smalltalk in 1970's and early 80's Interpreted CodeRuns inside a special environment; is better for testing