WGU C190 Intro to Biology

WGU C190 Intro to Biology 41 studiers today 4.9 (46 reviews) Students also studied Terms in this set (311) Western Governors UniversityBIO 5111 Save C190 Pre-Assessment 70 terms Kelli_Sanchez3 Preview WGU C190 Intro to Biology practice ...71 terms quizlette7737852 Preview WGU C190 Introduction to Biology Teacher 123 terms lisa_simms9Preview Bio WG 329 term sara AbioticNon-living, may be within or made by a living organism.BioticLiving. Matter is considered ______ if it was ever alive at some point in time AtomSmallest level. The basic unit of matter. Consists of a dense nucleus surrounded by electrons.MoleculeSecond level. A chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by a chemical bond.MacromoleculeThird level. Biologically important molecules that are technically polymers.

Example: DNA.

CellFourth level. The fundamental unit of life. Essentially a tiny droplet of water and other molecules enclosed by a fluid "skin" or membrane. The smallest and simplest entity that possesses all the characteristics of life.OrganelleFifth level. Compartments inside the cell that contain specific groups of macromolecules and carry out specific cellular functions. One of these organelles is the nucleus; it encloses the DNA within the cell.MicroorganismSixth level. Single-celled life form. Consists of just one cell and include unicellular organisms such as bacteria and protists.TissueSeventh level. Formed when similar cells work together to fulfill the same detailed function.

OrganEighth level. Collections of tissues that work together to carry out a common general function. Present not only in higher level animals but also in plants.Organ SystemNinth level. Consists of functionally related organs. Mammals have many.OrganismTenth Level. Individual living entities that survive and reproduce as a unit. For example, each tree in a forest.PopulationEleventh level. Consists of all the individuals of a species living within a specific area.CommunityTwelfth level. Populations can interact with each other in positive and negative ways, and together they form this.EcosystemThirteenth level. Consists of all the living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, or nonliving, parts of that environment.BiosphereFourteenth level. The highest level of organization in living systems. The collection of all ecosystems on Earth. Includes all habitable zones on the planet, including land, soil, and rocks to a great depth in the Earth's crust; water and ice; and the atmosphere to a great height.Emergent PropertiesCharacteristics of a system that are not present in any of its component parts.BiologyThe scientific study of life and is the branch of science that studies living organisms and the way organisms interact with their environments.HomeostasisThe ability or tendency of organisms and cells to maintain stable internal conditions.NutrientAny matter an organism needs but cannot make for itself.EnergyThe capacity to do work or to make a change in the location, temperature, or structure of matter. Does not have mass and it does not take up space, but it can be measured in terms of what it does.GrowthAn increase in size.DevelopmentStructure and function change in an orderly way as an organism passes through its life cycle. An individual's pattern of _______ is partly determined by genetic instructions.ReproductionOccurs when an individual organism passes on its genetic information to a newly independent organism, or offspring.EvolutionA scientific theory that explains how and why life changes over time. Provides the explanation for why all living organisms share profound similarities, and yet, the life forms on our planet are so incredibly diverse.

Natural SelectionIndividuals are always a bit different from their parents and from each other, partly because of changes to their genes. These differences may be helpful or harmful to the individuals that inherit them. In nature, individuals often have very low odds of surviving to reproduce. Individuals with slightly harmful or even average characteristics might be less likely to make it, and those with traits that fit in very well with the local habitat will have the greatest chance to survive and reproduce.This sorting process goes on generation after generation.Atomic MassThe sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons. The mass of an atom.Atomic NumberThe number of protons in an atom, displayed for each atom in the periodic table.Chemical BondsAttractions between atoms that hold atoms and molecules together.Covalent BondsStrongest chemical bond. Occurs between atoms of in the same molecule.Electron pairs are shared, creating a strong bond between atoms.electronSubatomic particle, located in shells on the outside of the nucleus, has a negative charge and almost no mass.electronegativityA measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. How strongly does an atoms attract bonding electrons to itself?elementAtoms with unique properties, designated by the atomic number.hydrogen bondWeak chemical bond. Occurs between atoms in different molecules or parts of molecules. Weak electrostatic attraction between areas of molecules with opposite partial charges.ionPositively or negatively charged atom.ionic bondModerately strong chemical bond. Occurs between atoms in the same molecule.Electrons transfer from one atom to another.isotopeAny or two or more forms of a chemical element, having the same number of protons in the nucleus, or the same atomic number, but having different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus, or different atomic weights.matterAnything that occupies space and has mass.molecular formulaA formula giving the number of atoms of each of the elements present in one molecule of a specific compound.neutronSubatomic particle, electrically neutral, located in the nucleus. Mass of one amu nucleusCenter of the atom. Contains equal number of protons and neutrons.Periodic TableChart organizing elements by atomic number and weight.

protonSubatomic particle, located in the nucleus, with a positive charge. Mass of one amu.valence electronElectrons on the outermost shell of the atom. Involved in chemical bonds.AdhesionThe attraction between water molecules and other molecules.CohesionWater molecules are attracted to each other, keeping the molecules together.HydrophilicSubstances that will dissolve in water. Polar. They split into positive and negative

ions and dissolve in water. Examples: sugars and alcohols.

HydrophobicSubstances that do not dissolve in water. Non-polar. Examples: hydrocarbons and fatty acids.Surface TensionThe capacity of a liquid's surface to resist being ruptured when placed under tension or stress.SoluteThe component(s) present in lower quantities.

SolutionHomogeneous mixtures, with 2 components: solvent and solutes.

SolventThe component of the solution in the greatest quantity.CarbohydrateBiological macromolecule. Sugars. Essential for energy storage, cellular communication and structural support. Store energy; provide structural support; facilitate communication Chemical potential energyThe energy stored in the chemical bonds of a substance.inorganic moleculeMolecules like water, oxygen gas, carbon dioxide, and ionic salts. Relatively stable, simple, and store little chemical energy.lipidBiological macromolecules. Fatty acids. Essential for energy storage and maintaining a boundary between the living organism and its environment. Provide energy (long term); serve as structural components of membranes nucleic acidBiological macromolecules. Nucleotides. Essential for information storage within a cell and passing on this information to the next generation. Examples: DNA. Store genetic information, used in protein synthesis.organic moleculeAny molecule that contains a carbon to hydrogen covalent bond. Often complex

and many store a lot of chemical potential energy. Examples: glucose, methane,

DNA, protein and fat.proteinBiological macromolecules. Amino acids. Essential for carrying out most of the necessary functions of life. Serve as structural components of tissues; facilitate and speed up biochemical reactions (enzymes); participate in communication