WGU C215 Study Guide - FINAL

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49 terms Ch3 3D Printing3D Printing is three-dimensional printing technology that deposits materials like plastics and metals in thick layers one atop the other with the process gradually building up one layer at a time until the object is produced.A broad view of JITA philosophy that encompasses the entire organization.lean production/lean systems ABC classificationA method for determining level of control and frequency of review of inventory items.A - Typically 20% of the items accounting for 80% of the inventory value.(continuous review) B - Typically an additional 30% of the items accounting for 15% of the inventory value. (periodic review) C - Typically the remaining 50% of the items accounting for only 5% of the inventory value. (two-bin system) Acceptable quality level (AQL)The small percentage of defects that consumers are willing to accept.Acceptance samplingThe process of randomly inspecting a sample of goods and deciding whether to accept the entire lot based on the results. Used where inspection is expensive, volume is high, or inspection is destructive. ٭ Action bucketThe current time period.Action noticesOutput from an MRP system that identifies the need for an action to be taken.activity-on-nodenetwork diagramming notation that places activities in the nodes and arrows to signify precedence relationships

advertising revenue modelprovides users with information on services and products and provides an opportunity for suppliers to advertise affiliate revenue modelcompanies receive a referral fee for directing business to an affiliate aggregate plan (also called the production plan) includes the budgeted levels of finished products, inventory, backlogs, workforce size, and aggregate production rate needed to support the marketing plan (during the next six to eighteen months) ALDEP and CRAFTcomputer software packages for designing process layouts allowance factorthe amount of time the analyst allows for personal time, fatigue, and unavoidable delays alternative workplacebrings work to the worker rather than the worker to the workplace anticipation inventoryinventory built in anticipation of future demand application service provider (ASP)sets up and runs ERP systems appraisal costscosts incurred in the process of uncovering defects assemble-to-order strategyproduces standard components that can be combined to customer specifications assignable causes of variationcauses that can be identified and eliminated AttributeA product characteristic that has a discrete value and can be counted.automated order entry systema method using telephone models to send digital orders to supplier AutomationUsing machinery to perform work without human operators.Average number of jobs in the systemMeasures work-in-process inventory.Average outgoing quality (AOQ)The expected proportion of defective items that will be passed to the customer under the sampling plan.Back orderDelaying delivery to the customer until the item becomes available.back ordersunfilled customer orders Backward integrationOwning or controlling sources of raw materials and components. ٭ backward schedulingstarts with the due date for an order and works backward to determine the start date for each activity; scheduling method that determines when the job must be started to be done on the due date Balance delayThe amount by which the line efficiency falls short of 100 percent.Balance delay (%) = 100 − efficiency

batch processa type of process used to produce a small quantity of products in groups or batches based on customer orders or specifications (bakeries, education, and printing shops) behavioral feasibilitydegree to which the job is intrinsically satisfying to the employee benchmarkingstudying the business practices of other companies for purposes of comparison best operating levelthe volume of output that results in the lowest average unit cost beta probability distributiontypically represents project activities bill of material (BOM)lists all the subassemblies, component parts, and raw materials that go into an end item and shows the usage quantity of each required block planschematic showing the placement of resources in a facility; Table that gives the number of trips or units of product moved between any pair of departments.Bottlenecklongest task in the process Bottom-round managementConsensus management by committees or teams.break-even analysistechnique used to compute the amount of goods that must be sold just to cover costs broad view of JITa philosophy that encompasses the entire organization broad view of the organizationtasks and procedures are important only if they meet the company's overall goals bullwhip effectinaccurate or distorted demand information created in the supply chain Business strategyA long-range plan for a business.Business-to-business (B2B)Electronic commerce between businesses.business-to-business e-commercebusinesses selling to and buying from other businesses; on-line businesses sell to individual consumers Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerceOnline businesses sell to individual consumers.Business-to-customers (B2C)Electronic commerce between businesses and their customers.Capacitythe maximum output rate that can be achieved by a facility capacity cushionadditional capacity added to regular capacity requirements to provide greater flexibility capacity planningthe process of establishing the output rate that can be achieved by a facility ٭

capacity planning using overall planning factors (CPOPF) a rough-cut capacity planning technique. MPS items are multiplied by historically determined planning factors for key resources capacity requirements planning (CRP)determines the labor and machine resources needed to fill the open and planned orders generated by the M RP capacity utilizationpercentage measure of how well available capacity is being used capacity-based optionsa group of options that allow the firm to change its current operating capacity Capacity-constrained resourcesBottleneck caused by inefficient usage.Capital costsThe higher of either the cost of the capital or the opportunity cost for the company.Causal modelsBased on the assumption that the variable being forecast is related to other variables in the environment.cause-and-effect diagrama chart that identifies potential causes of particular quality problems ٭ C-chartA control chart used to monitor the Number of defects per unit. ٭ cell manufacturingplacement of dissimilar machines and equipment together to produce a family of products with similar processing requirements CellsHybrid layouts that create groups of products based on similar processing requirements.chase aggregate plana planning approach that varies production to meet demand each period checklista list of common defects and the number of observed occurrences of these defects ٭ Closed-loop MRPAn MRP system that includes production planning, master production scheduling, and capacity requirements planning.common causes of variationrandom causes that cannot be identified ٭ Competitive prioritiesCapabilities that the operations function can develop in order to give a company a competitive advantage in its market.componentsparts or subassemblies used in the final product Computer-aided design (CAD)A system that uses computer graphics to design new products.Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)A term used to describe the integration of product design, process planning, and manufacturing using an integrated computer system.