WGU C484 Organizational Behavior and Leadership

WGU C484 Organizational Behavior and Leadership 23 studiers today 4.8 (20 reviews) Students also studied Terms in this set (260) Western Governors UniversityC715 3400 Save wgu C715 Organizational Behavior 267 terms rc626184Preview WGU C484 Organizational Behavior...42 terms qroter1234Preview WGU C484 Organizational Behavior...Teacher 260 terms Shijie_Hu4Preview WGU C 233 term nico personalityEnduring characteristics that describe an individual's behavior HeredityFactors determined at conception; one's biological, physiological, and inherent psychological makeup personality traitsEnduring characteristics that describe an individual's behavior Big Five modelA personality assessment model that taps five basic dimensions extroversionA Big Five personality dimension describing someone who is sociable, gregarious, and assertive agreeablenessA Big Five personality dimension that describes someone who is good-natured, cooperative, and trusting conscientiousnessA Big Five personality dimension that describes someone who is responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized emotional stabilityA Big Five personality dimension that characterizes someone as calm, self- confident, secure (positive) versus nervous, depressed, and insecure (negative) openness to experienceA personality dimension that characterizes someone in terms of imagination, sensitivity, and curiosity core self-evaluationBottom-line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person

MachiavellianismThe degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means narcissismThe tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement self-monitoringA personality trait that measures an individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors proactive personalityPeople who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs Other-orientationA personality trait that reflects the extent to which decisions are affected by social influences and concerns vs. our own well-being and outcomes valuesBasic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence (content & intensity) value systemA hierarchy based on a ranking of an individual's values in terms of their intensity terminal valuesDesirable end-states of existence; the goals a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime instrumental valuesPreferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one's terminal values personality-job fit theoryA theory that identifies six personality types and proposes that the fit between personality type and occupational environment determines satisfaction and turnover person-organization fitArgues that people are attracted to and selected by organizations that match their values, and they leave organizations that are not compatible with their personalities power distanceA national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally masculinityA national culture attribute that describes the extent to which the culture favors traditional masculine work roles of achievement, power, and control. Societal values are characterized by assertiveness and materialism.femininityA national culture attribute that indicates little differentiation between male and female roles; a high rating indicates that women are treated as the equals of men in all aspects of the society.uncertainty avoidanceA national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations and tries to avoid them.long-term orientationA national culture attribute that emphasizes the future, thrift, and persistence

short-term orientationA national culture attribute that emphasizes the past and present, respect for tradition, and fulfillment of social obligations perceptionA process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment perceiver, situation, targetThe factors in these three areas influence perception attribution theoryAn attempt to determine whether an individual's behavior is internally or externally caused internally causedBehaviors are those we believe to be under the personal control of the individual externally causedBehaviors that we imagine the situation forced the individual to do DistinctivenessTerm for whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations consensusTerm for when everyone who faces a similar situation responds/behaves in the same way consistencyTerm for when a person responds/behaves the same way over time fundamental attribution errorThe tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others self-serving biasThe tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors and put the blame for failures on external factors selective perceptionThe tendency to selectively interpret what one sees on the basis of one's interests, background, experience, and attitudes halo effectThe tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic contrast effectEvaluation of a person's characteristics that is affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics stereotypingJudging someone on the basis of one's perception of the group to which that person belongs self-fulfilling prophecyA situation in which a person inaccurately perceives a second person, and the resulting expectations cause the second person to behave in ways consistent with the original perception (aka Pygmalion effect) rationalCharacterized by making consistent, value-maximizing choices within specified constraints

rational decision making modelA decision-making model that describes how individuals should behave in order to maximize some outcome bounded rationalityA process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity intuitive decision makingAn unconscious process created out of distilled experience. Usually engages emotions.anchoring biasA tendency to fixate on initial information, from which one then fails to adequately adjust for subsequent information confirmation biasThe tendency to seek out information that reaffirms past choices and to discount information that contradicts past judgments availability biasThe tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is readily available to them escalation of commitmentAn increased commitment to a previous decision in spite of negative information randomness errorThe tendency of individuals to believe that they can predict the outcome of random events risk aversionThe tendency to prefer a sure gain of a moderate amount over a riskier outcome, even if the riskier outcome might have a higher expected payoff hindsight biasThe tendency to believe falsely, after an outcome of an event is actually known, that one would have accurately predicted that outcome utilitarianismA system in which decisions are made to provide the greatest good for the greatest number.utilitarianism, rights, justiceThe three ethical decision criteria three-component model of creativityThe proposition that individual creativity requires expertise, creative thinking skills, and intrinsic task motivation motivationThe processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal hierarchy of needsAbraham Maslow's hierarchy of five needs—physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization—in which, as each need is substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant lower-order needsNeeds that are satisfied externally, such as physiological and safety needs self-actualizationThe drive to become what a person is capable of becoming higher-order needsNeeds that are satisfied internally, such as social, esteem, and self-actualization needs