WGU D265 Terms

WGU D265 Terms 5.0 (8 reviews) Terms in this set (50) Western Governors UniversityD 265 Save Practice questions for this set Learn1 / 7Study using Learn a rule of thumb, a ready strategy, or a shortcut. A rule that does not always work but gets us where we need to go most of the time.Choose an answer 1Heuristic2Critical Thinking 3Soundness4Bad Inferential Structure Don't know?

Critical Thinkingthe ability to think carefully about thinking and reasoning—to criticize your own reasoning.Propositionsstatements that can be true or false Simple Propositionhave no internal logical structure, meaning whether they are true or false does not depend on whether a part of them is true or false The sky is blue.Complex Propositionhave internal logical structure, meaning they are composed of simple propositions. The sky is blue, but it does not look blue to me right now.Bad Inferential Structurepremises do not demonstrate or support conclusions, premises are true without being compelled to accept the conclusion False Premisepremise is false Conclusion IndicatorsHave the general sense of "I have told you some things, now here is what I want you to believe".Therefore, so, it follows that, hence, thus, entails that, we may conclude that, implies that, wherefore, as a result Premise Indicators"from this fact I am going to infer something else Because, for, given that, in that, as, since, as indicated by Argumentany purportedly rational movement from evidence or premises to a conclusion. I believe x because of y, z, and w.

Deductivethe premises provide conclusive support for the conclusion - if they guarantee the conclusion or make the conclusion certain.Inductionarguments where the premises make the conclusion probable Abductionarguments where the best available explanation is chosen as the correct explanation Soundnessboth about structure and truth. Must have good structure and true premises.Truthproposition makes a statement about that world and the world either is or is not the way the proposition describes it to be.Validityproperty of an argument structure, "this structure is such that if the premises of any argument are true, then the conclusion must be true.Cogentall true premises, and the premises give strong inductive support for the conclusion.Strengthin the inductive argument, true premises make the conclusion probably true.Formalrefers to the structure of things Formal fallacy of affirming the consequent you have made an argument with bad structure Informal fallacy of straw figure structure of your argument is not what is at issue

Affirming the consequentHas a structure that is analogous to the following

argument: If I am in New York, then I am in the

United States. I am in the United States. Therefore, I am in New York.Antecedentthe part of the statement after the word "if" Consequentthe part of the statement after the word "then" Modus PonensIf X, then Y. X. Therefore, Y Modus TollensIf X, then Y. Not Y. Therefore, not X.The Fallacy Fallacyargument is bad, but conclusion is correct Fallacycommon mistake in reasoning Biaspeople are predisposed to arrive at a conclusion Principle of Charitybefore attributing bias to someone, try to interpret their reasoning in the best possible light Confirmation BiasThe natural tendency to seek out evidence supporting our beliefs and ignoring evidence in the way of our beliefs Cognitive Biasquirks about the way we naturally categorize and make sense of the world around us. Tendencies to deviate from rational belief-forming practices Aliefautomatic belief like attitudes that can explain how our instinctual responses can conflict with our reasoned-out beliefs.