WGU Foundations of Computer Science - OS Fundamentals

WGU Foundations of Computer Science - OS Fundamentals Leave the first rating Students also studied Terms in this set (242) Science Computer Science Save WGU Foundations of Computer Scie...45 terms dead-but-determined Preview WGU Foundations of Computer Scie...70 terms Michai_Staten67 Preview Module 1 Operating Systems Essenti...Teacher 67 terms carol_crawnPreview Wgu Al 102 term dea Embedded operating system (OS)an operating system designed for specialized devices dedicated to specific tasks, such as banking machines or industrial control systems Firmwarespecific software installed on device hardware like fitness monitors or routers, providing essential functionality and control Hypervisorsoftware that enables the creation and management of virtual machines, allowing multiple operating systems to run on a single physical machine simultaneously Kernelthe core component of an operating system that manages resources and acts as an interface between software applications and hardware Mobile OSoperating systems tailored for mobile devices like smartphones and tablets, optimized for touch-based interaction and app efficiency Operating System (OS)software that manages hardware resources and provides services for computer programs, facilitating user interaction and software execution Shellthe interface that allows users to interact with an operating system, typically through command-line interfaces Type 1 Hypervisora bare-metal hypervisor that operates directly on hardware, enabling the creation and management of multiple virtual machines; examples include VMware ESXi and Microsoft Hyper-V

Type 2 Hypervisora hypervisor that requires a host operating system and runs as an application within it, facilitating virtual machine creation and management; examples include Oracle, VM VirtualBox, and VMware Workstation Virtual Machine (VM)a software emulation of a physical computer that operates within a host environment, allowing multiple operating systems to run concurrently on a single physical machine application hardware interfacehe intermediary layer between software applications and hardware components, facilitating interaction and functionality application programming interface (API)a set of protocols and tools that allows different software applications to communicate and integrate, enhancing interoperability and development efficiency CPU usagethe percentage of time the central processing unit (CPU) spends executing instructions for a specific task or process, indicating the load or demand on the CPU Disk Managementa Windows utility that manages disk drives, partitions, and volumes, enabling tasks like creating, formatting, resizing, and deleting volumes driversoftware that enables an OS to communicate with hardware devices by translating commands from the OS into instructions that the hardware can understand and execute file systema method or structure for organizing and storing computer files on storage devices, such as hard drives, SSDs, or removable media, defining how data is accessed and stored hardware abstraction layer (HAL)a software layer that abstracts hardware details and provides a consistent interface for the OS to interact with different hardware configurations hardware configurationthe arrangement and setup of physical hardware components within a computer system, including connections, settings, and compatibility considerations input/output (I/O)the process of exchanging data between an information processing system (such as a computer) and the outside world, typically through peripherals like keyboards, mice, or printers memory managementthe process of managing computer memory resources to optimize system performance, involving tasks like allocation, deallocation, and usage monitoring of RAM multitaskingthe ability of an OS to execute multiple tasks or processes concurrently, allowing users to run multiple applications simultaneously process managementinvolves managing processes running on a computer, including tasks such as starting, stopping, prioritizing, and monitoring processes to ensure efficient use of system resources

print drivera type of driver specifically designed to facilitate communication between an OS and a printer, ensuring proper printing functionality processor schedulingthe process by which the OS allocates CPU time to processes, managing their execution and priority levels to optimize system performance and responsiveness software applicationa program or group of programs designed to perform specific tasks or functions for the user or another application system resourcesthe collective hardware, software, and network components of a computer system that enable it to perform tasks, including CPU, memory (RAM), disk storage, and network connectivity system softwaresoftware that provides a platform for other software to run on, including OSs, utilities, and hardware drivers Task Managera system utility in Windows that provides information about processes and applications running on the computer, allowing users to monitor system performance, manage running processes, and terminate tasks if necessary access controlthe practice of restricting access to resources or areas only to authorized entities, ensuring data security and integrity access control modelsframeworks or methodologies used to enforce access control policies, such as discretionary access control (DAC), mandatory access control (MAC), role-based access control (RBAC), and attribute-based access control (ABAC) add a devicean option to install new hardware devices, typically via Bluetooth or wireless connections app and featuresa section in the settings app for viewing and managing installed applications authenticationthe process of verifying the identity of a user or device trying to access a system, typically through usernames, passwords, or other credentials authorizationthe process of granting or denying specific privileges and permissions to authenticated users or systems based on their identity and roles back drivera feature to revert to the previous driver version if an update causes issues Bluetooth and devicesa section in the settings app for managing connected devices such as printers, scanners, and USB devices default appsan option in the settings app that is used to open specific file types or perform certain tasks Device Managera Windows tool for managing hardware devices and their drivers explicit denya specific access control setting that prevents a user or group from accessing a resource, overriding any permissions that might otherwise allow access

group levelmanaging user permissions and access rights by categorizing users into groups based on shared attributes such as department or job role inheritancethe principle where permissions set at a higher level in a hierarchy (e.g., folder) are automatically passed down to lower levels (e.g., files within that folder) unless explicitly overridden permissiona setting that defines a user or group's actions, typically categorized as allow or deny resource ownershipthe concept that specifies who controls a resource and can dictate access permissions, often the resource's creator Settings appa Windows interface for configuring various system settings, including devices and applications update drivera process to install the latest driver for a device user managementthe process of creating, modifying, and deleting user accounts, as well as assigning rights and permissions to these accounts within a computing environment allocation unita unit of disk space into which files are divided for storage, typically called clusters or blocks attributesadditional metadata associated with files beyond the data, such as creation date, author, size, and permissions clustera group of sectors on a storage device, typically the smallest unit of storage that can be allocated to a file common Linux file systemsEXT2, EXT3, EXT4, XFS, Btrfs common Mac file systemsHFS, HFS+, APFS common Windows file systemsFAT, FAT32, exFAT, NTFS compressionthe process of reducing the size of a file or files to save disk space, achieved by encoding repetitive data into a more compact form encryptiona method of securing data by transforming it into an unreadable format using cryptographic algorithms, requiring a unique key to decrypt and access the original data file allocation table (FAT)file system used primarily by early versions of Microsoft OSs, defining how files are organized and managed journalinga technique used by file systems to record changes made to data before they are committed to disk, aiding in recovery after system failures or crashes