WGU Nutrition D440 Competed Study Guide

WGU Nutrition D440 Competed Study Guide 53 studiers today 4.9 (25 reviews) Students also studied Terms in this set (289) Western Governors UniversityD 236 Save WGU HESI Nutrition - D440 (Victori...181 terms AdoptedSpaceCow Preview Nutrition Test info D440 Teacher 107 terms erika_laken_kemp Preview Vitamin functions Teacher 15 terms erika_laken_kemp Preview Vitamin Teacher erik UnderweightBMI under 18.5 Normal weight18.5-24.9 Overweight25-29.9 ObeseBMI over 30 Extremely ObeseBMI > 35 Calculate BMIweight (kg) / height (m^2) weight management strategies and actionsManagement of the eating behavior (food diary, where why, how, and how much) Promoting physical activity to increase energy output Pursuit of emotional (stress), social, and psychologic health Define problem behavior Record and Analyze Baseline Behavior Plan a Behavior Management Strategy How do we assess nutritional status?Physical appearance (health of eyes and hair) anthropometric measurements (weight, body composition) biochemical markers (blood lipid levels, iron status) What is recommended for an infant diet during the first year of life?Breastfeed for at least the first full year of life, and supplement with a vitamin K shot at birth and daily vitamin D drops What is recommended for a child who is not breastfeeding?Use iron-fortified formula for any infant who is not breastfeeding

What age should water and juice be avoided? Water and juice are unnecessary for the breastfed infants during the first 6 months of life When should you introduce cow's milk?at the end of the first year. Provide whole milk, not reduced-fat or fat-free milk, until 2 years of age What allergens should be avoided as first solid foods? wheat, egg white, citrus juice, and nuts What should you not give a child under one year of age to avoid botulism toxicity?Honey and corn syrup Which foods should be avoided until children are older because they are a choking hazard?hot dogs, nuts, grapes, carrots, popcorn, cherries, peanut butter, and round candy What are the energy needs of an infant?80-120 calories per kg of body weight What protein source do babies need the first 6 months of life?breastmilk What protein sources do babies need after 6 months of life?Ground turkey, chicken, cheese, yogurt, and other dairy products What percent of daily calories are recommended for carbohydrates?

45-65%

What percent of daily calories are recommended for fats?

20-35%

What percent of daily calories are recommended for proteins?

10-35%

What is needed prenatally for a client?Folate, Vitamin D, and Choline What are some risks with teen pregnancy?increased rates of low birth weight, preterm delivery, and infant mortality.How many calorie should be added to a diet of a pregnant woman in the first trimester?none How many calories should be added to a diet of a pregnant woman in the second trimester?+300 kcal/day How many calories should be added to the diet of a pregnant woman in the third trimester?+500 kcal/day What is the carb requirement for the diet of a pregnant woman?Minimum carb req. increases from 130 g/day to 175 g/day. Focus on whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables.What is the fat requirement for the diet of a pregnant woman?Minimum fat req. increases from 12 g/d to 13 g/d

What is the alpha-linolenic acid requirement for the diet of a pregnant woman?alpha-linolenic acid increases from 1.1 g/d to 1.4 g/d – What foods can add alpha-linolenic acid to the diet? flax, chia, canola, walnut, soybean oil How much protein should be consumed in the diet of a pregnant woman?Protein – 46 g/day to 71 g/day What protein should pregnant women consume to meet their daily requirements?– eggs, milks, beef, poultry, fish, pork, cheese, soy products, and other animal products What additional nutrients are needed for the diet of a pregnant woman?Calcium, Iron, Vitamins, Folate, Vitamin D, Choline What is the role of folic acid in pregnancy?Folic acid – Important for DNA synthesis, cell division, and hemoglobin synthesis When is folic acid most important for a developing fetus? Important 2 months prior to week 6 of gestation to ensure adequate nutrient availability in the endometrial lining of the uterus for embryonic tissue development.What does folic acid do for the developing fetus? The neural tube forms during the critical period from 21 to 28 days gestation and it grows into the mature infant’s spinal column and its network of nerves.Full closure of the neural tube requires sufficient folate.What is the recommended calorie increase for a breastfeeding mom during the first six months of breastfeeding?

1st 6 months: 330 kcal/day (plus 170 kcal/day from maternal stores)

What is the recommended calorie increase for a breastfeeding mom after the first 6 months of breastfeeding?400 kcal/day What is the recommended fluid intake for breastfeeding mothers?3L/day What considerations do you need to take when doing nutritional education to clients of differing religions and cultures?Consider food restrictions on certain days, certain foods, liquids (alcohol and caffeine), how the food is prepared (certain foods mixed and how the food is cooked) What is dysphagia and where is it typically seen? Difficulty swallowing - chronic, common among patients with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and stroke complications, head and neck cancer, tooth loss, xerostomia, neurodegenerative, neuromuscular disorders, post-intubation trauma, muscular weakness of the larynx

What are some behaviors seen in patients with dysphagia?Reluctance to eat certain food consistencies or any food at all.-Very slow chewing or eating -fatigue from eating -frequent throat clearing -complaints of food “sticking” in the throat, pockets of food held in the cheeks -painful swallowing, regurgitation, coughing or choking --- -silent aspirations.Adapt the diet to individual needs in stages of thickened liquids and pureed foods Which consults would you do with a patient with dysphagia?Registered dietician nutritionist (RDN), Speech-lang`1uage pathologist, Occupational therapist TPNtotal parenteral nutrition (IV feeding) Continuous PNInfused continuously over 24 hours, most used in a hospital setting Intermittent or cyclic PNNutrient solution infusion regimen varies and is commonly administered overnight.Allows clients requiring PN on a long-term basis to participate in activities of daily living during the day without the inconvenience of an IV bag and pump set.Monitor glucose levels closely to avoid hypoglycemia Who must assess nutritional status before PN is discontinued?Evaluation of nutritional status by a nutritionist is done before PN is discontinued What must be done in order to prevent hypoglycemia when discontinuing PN?If PN discontinued, gradually decrease the flow rate for 1-2 hours while increasing oral intake (helps prevent hypoglycemia) What must you do to site of IV catheter in order to lower the risk of infection?After removal of IV catheter, daily dressing change until insertion site heals.Being left in increases risk of infection What must you do for a patient who had PN removed? Encourage oral nutrition Record oral intake, body weight, and laboratory results of serum electrolyte and glucose levels What are some complications of PN?Pneumothorax and air embolism associated with central line placement: air embolism also associated with tubing changes Other complications include infection (catheter-related), hypervolemia, and metabolic alterations such as hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia (usually caused by PN solution) PEGpercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (feeding tube) Why is a feeding tube needed?Used when the gastrointestinal tract is functional but oral intake is not meeting estimated nutrient needs What conditions might a client have that will require a feeding tube?Used for clients with swallowing problems, burns, major trauma, liver, or other organ failure, or severe malnutrition