FREE BIOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT BIO 112 - EXAM

PDF Download

FREE BIOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT BIO 112 - EXAM

1 Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -30 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: What is host range?

Answer:

A host range is the type of organisms a virus can infect.

Question 2: Coccus

Answer:

Round

Question 3: Bacillus

Answer:

Rod shaped

Question 4: What is a Virus?

Answer:

Genes that come wrapped in a protein coat.

Question 5: Explain what determines host range?

Answer:

Host ranges are determined by the proteins surrounding the virus and the receptors they bond to.

Question 6: What is a Prion?

Answer:

A normal membrane protein that can exist in multiple three-dimensional shapes, at least one of which is abnormal. When a healthy protein comes into contact with a prion the normal protein switches to the abnormal shape leading to a chain reaction .

Question 7: Endotoxins

Answer:

Specifically the outer membrane of a gram-negative cell wall.Ex: E.coli: causes food poisoning (vomiting and diarrhea)

Question 8: What defines an organism as prokaryotic?

Answer:

Organisms without membrane bound organelles and a nucleus.

Question 9: Spirillum

Answer:

Spiral or corkscrew

Question 10: What is the size range of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer:

0.1-5.0 µm in diameter

Question 11: What two characteristics do all viruses have?

Answer:

Genetic information and a protein coat.

Question 12: What are the four major roles bacteria play in our environment?

Answer:

Contributing gases to the atmosphere, recycling organic matter, fixing nitrogen, and living on/in organisms which allows them to function.

Question 13: Staphylo-

Answer:

Clusters Question 14: Name and explain three ways genes can be transferred between prokaryotes.

Answer:

Transformation= a dying cell releases DNA as it bursts and other cells absorb this DNA Transduction= Viruses sometimes package up host cell DNA with theirs and pass it on to their next victim Conjugation= two cells use a sex pilus to transfer DNA

Question 15: Explain the 5 steps in the lytic cycle.

Answer:

1-Attachment: attach to the cell

2-Penetration: DNA is injected into the cell through the hole

3- Synthesis: replication of viral nucleic acid and protein and envelope

4- Assembly: viruses are put together, DNA in capsid

5- Release: usually by lysis

Question 16: Diplo-

Answer:

Pairs

Question 17: Name the two prokaryotic domains.

Answer:

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 18: Strepto-

Answer:

Chains

Question 19: Euryarchaeota

Answer:

Contains the methanogens that live in stagnant water and inside the intestines of animals as well as some of the Halophilic archaea

Question 20: Living things that can be infected by viruses.

Answer:

Plants, Animals, and Bacteria

Question 21: What is a Viroid?

Answer:

A tightly wound circle of RNA that lacks a protein coat. Basically, its naked RNA that can infect a plant cell.

Question 22: How are viral infections treated and prevented?

Answer:

Some Viral infections can be treated with antiviral drugs, others are incurable and can only be delayed.Viruses are prevented with vaccines.

Question 23: Korarchaeota

Answer:

Known mostly from genes extracted from their habitats. They seem to be thermophiles

Question 24: What are some possible reservoirs for viruses?

Answer:

Possible reservoirs for viruses include wild birds, rodents, raccoons, and mosquitoes.Question 25: Outline the importance of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle. What would happen without them?

Answer:

Bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into forms that plants, and from them animals, can use.Nitrogen is part of proteins, DNA, and other organic molecules. Without them plants and animals couldn't survive.

Question 26: Why viruses are non-living.

Answer:

They don't metabolize, reproduce on their own, or respond to stimuli.