FREE BIOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT UNIT 6 EXAM

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FREE BIOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT UNIT 6 EXAM

QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -33 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: Biotechnology

Answer:

The manipulation of organisms or their components to produce useful products

Question 2: Transformation

Answer:

A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell. When the external DNA is from a member of a different species, transformation results in horizontal gene transfer

Question 3: Transcription

Answer:

The synthesis of RNA using a DNA template

Question 4: DNA Replication

Answer:

The process by which a DNA molecule is copied; also called DNA synthesis.

Question 5: Tranduction

Answer:

Transduction is the process by which DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus. It also refers to the process whereby foreign DNA is introduced into another cell via a viral vector.

Question 6: Operon

Answer:

Operons are closely linked genes that produce a single mRNA molecule during transcription

Question 7: Conjugation

Answer:

In prokaryotes, the direct transfer of DNA b/w 2 cells that are temporarily joined. When the 2 cells are members of different species, conjugation results in horizontal gene transfer.

Question 8: Gene Expression

Answer:

The process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins and instead function as RNAs.

Question 9: Histone

Answer:

A small protein with a high proportion of positively charged amino acids that binds to the negatively charged DNA and plays a key role in chromatin structure.

Question 10: DNA Sequencing

Answer:

Sequencing DNA means determining the order of the four chemical building blocks - called "bases" - that make up the DNA molecule. The sequence tells scientists the kind of genetic information that is carried in a particular DNA segment

Question 11: Semiconservative - in regards to DNA replication

Answer:

Semiconservative replication results in a DNA molecule containing one original strand and a newly synthesized compliment

Question 12: Intron

Answer:

A noncoding, intervening sequence within a primary transcript that is removed from the transcript during RNA processing; also refers to the region of DNA from which this sequence was transcribed

Question 13: Template Strand

Answer:

The DNA strand that provides the pattern, or template, for ordering, by complementary base pairing, the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.

Question 14: Splicing

Answer:

The process by which introns, the noncoding regions of genes, are excised out of the primary messenger RNA transcript, and the exons (i.e., coding regions) are joined together to generate mature messenger RNA.

Question 15: Cell Differentiation

Answer:

Cell differentiation refers to cells within the same organism having different phenotypes

Question 16: Translation

Answer:

The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of "language" from nucleotides to amino acids

Question 17: Transposition

Answer:

Transposition is the movement of DNA segments within and between DNA molecules

Question 18: Promoter

Answer:

A specific nucleotide sequence in the DNA of a gene that binds RNA polymerase, positioning it to start transcribing RNA at the appropriate place

Question 19: Epigenetics

Answer:

Epigenetics are reversible modifications of DNA or histones which help regulate gene expression

Question 20: Genetic Engineering

Answer:

The direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes.

Question 21: Codon

Answer:

A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code

Question 22: Retrovirus

Answer:

An RNA virus that replicates by transcribing its RNA into DNA and then inserting the DNA into a cellular chromosome; an important class of cancer-causing viruses

Question 23: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer:

A technique for amplifying DNA in vitro by incubating it with specific primers, a heat-resistant DNA polymerase, and nucleotdes

Question 24: Cell Specialization

Answer:

Cell specialization, also known as cell differentiation, is the process by which generic cells change into specific cells meant to do certain tasks within the body

Question 25: Virus

Answer:

A virus is an infectious particle that reproduces by "commandeering" a host cell and using its machinery to make more viruses.