FREE HISTOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT CARTILAGE

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FREE HISTOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT CARTILAGE

AND BONE EXAM QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -104 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: strong compact bone forms via this...

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as waves of osteoclasts tunnel through bone and osteoblasts follow in their wake. the osteoblasts begin producing osteoid and gradually encase themselves in a ring Question 2: this is an area that appears similar to microvilli, with a large nuber o fcytoplasmic extensions that increases the surface area of the cell. it has to do with oteoclast activity

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ruffled border Question 3: once osteoblasts are completely surrounded by matrix, they are called this...

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osteocytes Question 4: osteocytes seem isolated within their individual lacunae but are actually connected with neighboring osteocytes by slender cytoplasmic processes that form....

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gap junctions

Question 5: in this type of bone development, themesenchyme model is replaced by hyaline cartilage model which eventually becomes bone.

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endochondral ossification Question 6: this hormone is part of controlling blood calcium. it is release when blood calcium is low and increases osteoclast activity, osteocyte ostoelysis, and calcium absorption in small intestines

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PTH

Question 7: cartilage growth from teh perichondrium is known as this

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appositional growth Question 8: this area surrounds each isogenous group or chondrocyte and stains less basophilic due to a large concentration of GAGs and proteoglycans

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territorial matrix Question 9: the arteries that create the primary and secondary centers of ossification carry these cells......, which enlarge to become......

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osteoprogenitor cells, become osteoblasts.

Question 10: in flat bones, mesenchyme becomes bone via this process

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intramembranous ossification Question 11: in this disease, the decrease in estrogen of post menopausal women removes the inhibition from osteoclasts, resulting in a net decrease in bone density as osteoclast activity out paces osteoblast activity

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osteoporosis

Question 12: hyaline cartilage is surrounded by this thin layer of dense irregular CT. it has an outer, fibrous layer filled with fibroblasts and type I collagen that contains the small blood vessels that supply the cartilage.

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perichondrium Question 13: subsequent waves of osteoblasts repeat the same proces suntil multiple rings of mineralized matrix, each containing multiple rings of osteocytes, fill in the tunnel, leaving a small hole in the center for...

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vessels and nerves. this resulting architecture of compact bone is stronger than woven bone.

Question 14: in this zone you can see calcium salts in the matrix

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zone of calified matrix Question 15: pseudoachondroplasia is a similar disease to achondroplasia, but results from this

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a mutation that kills chondrocytes, also causing premature closure of growth plates Question 16: this disease presents as joint pain that becomes worse with activity and is relieved by rest. it can be idiopathic or secondary to a n injury or wear and tear. the articular cartilage thins and develops clefts

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osteoarthritis. normally there is little MMP activity in joint cartilage, but after an injury they and other inflammatory factors activate and prevent cartilage from fully regenerating. cartilage fragments of type II collagen are found in the synov fluid Question 17: phagocytic cells in the synovial layer of the joint capsule that clear debris from the joint

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synovial macrophages

Question 18: is all of fibrocartilage vascular or avascular?

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avascular

Question 19: in this zone you can see rows of isogenous groups

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zone of proliferating cartilage

Question 20: cartilage contains this type of collagen

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type II Question 21: this disease results from excess GH, which makes growth plates hypertrophy, resulting in extreme size

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giganticism Question 22: as osteoblasts become active, they start to release this...which is umineralized matrix. it contains a great deal of type I collagen witha smaller amount of proteoglycans and multiadhesive glycoproteins.

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osteoid Question 23: within compact bone, portions of older osteons that have been partially destroyed by cutting cones are also visible and are called...

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interstitial lamellae Question 24: during bone fracture, these cells begin removing blood and bony debris

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neutrophils and macrophages.Question 25: rheumatoid arthritis is bilateral and involves multiple joints. pain from rheumatoid arthritis is relieved by....

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activity. it gets worse when joints are not moving.