2535: Fluid, Electrolytes, Acid-Base NCLEX Questions

2535: Fluid, Electrolytes, Acid-Base NCLEX Questions

Osato12 Save NCLEX Style Quiz Weeks 1-5 2535 42 terms Osato12Preview Fluid, Electrolyte, & Acid-Base -- Pr...50 terms kelts118Preview Fluid and Electrolytes NCLEX Quest...33 terms Alex_Hassiepen Preview Chapte 42 terms Chr Which fluid compartment contains the highest percentage of total body water?

a) Extracellular fluid (ECF)

b) Intracellular fluid (ICF)

c) Intravascular space

d) Transcellular space

Answer: b. The intracellular fluid (ICF) contains about 2/3 of the total body water.What is a key sign of hypervolemia?

a) Decreased skin turgor

b) Weight gain and peripheral edema

c) Increased urine specific gravity

d) Hypotension and tachycardia

Answer: b. Weight gain and peripheral edema are common signs of fluid volume excess (hypervolemia).A patient with diarrhea is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?

a) Hypokalemia

b) Hypernatremia

c) Hyperkalemia

d) Hypercalcemia

Answer: a. Diarrhea can result in excessive potassium loss, leading to hypokalemia.

Which electrolyte imbalance is associated with Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign?

a) Hyperkalemia

b) Hypocalcemia

c) Hyponatremia

d) Hypermagnesemia

Answer: b. Hypocalcemia is associated with positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs due to increased neuromuscular excitability.A patient has been receiving IV fluids at a rapid rate. Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse monitor for?

a) Hyponatremia

b) Hyperkalemia

c) Hypocalcemia

d) Hypernatremia

Answer: a. Rapid infusion of IV fluids can lead to dilutional hyponatremia.

Which hormone plays a major role in regulating water balance?

a) Cortisol

b) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

c) Insulin

d) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer: b. ADH regulates water balance by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys.Acid-Base Balance Which of the following is a manifestation of metabolic acidosis?

a) Deep, rapid respirations (Kussmaul breathing)

b) Bradypnea

c) Hypoventilation

d) Respiratory alkalosis

Answer: a. Kussmaul breathing is a compensatory mechanism in metabolic acidosis to eliminate excess CO2.A patient's arterial blood gas (ABG) results are: pH 7.48, PaCO2 30 mm Hg, HCO3- 24 mmol/L. What is the interpretation?

a) Metabolic acidosis

b) Respiratory alkalosis

c) Metabolic alkalosis

d) Respiratory acidosis

Answer: b. The elevated pH and decreased PaCO2 indicate respiratory alkalosis.

Which electrolyte imbalance commonly accompanies metabolic alkalosis?

a) Hypokalemia

b) Hypercalcemia

c) Hyponatremia

d) Hyperkalemia

Answer: a. Hypokalemia often occurs with metabolic alkalosis due to increased potassium loss from the kidneys.

A patient has a pH of 7.30 and HCO3- of 18 mmol/L. Which condition is most likely present?

a) Metabolic acidosis

b) Metabolic alkalosis

c) Respiratory acidosis

d) Respiratory alkalosis

Answer: a. The low pH and decreased HCO3- indicate metabolic acidosis.

What is the most common cause of respiratory acidosis?

a) Hyperventilation

b) Hypoventilation

c) Diabetic ketoacidosis

d) Diarrhea

Answer: b. Hypoventilation leads to CO2 retention, causing respiratory acidosis.What is the treatment for severe hyperkalemia with ECG changes?

a) IV calcium gluconate

b) IV sodium bicarbonate

c) Oral potassium supplements

d) Magnesium sulfate

Answer: a. IV calcium gluconate helps protect the heart from the effects of elevated potassium.Which of the following is a symptom of hypomagnesemia?

a) Bradycardia

b) Lethargy

c) Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes

d) Respiratory depression

Answer: c. Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes are a key sign of hypomagnesemia.

A patient with hypernatremia may present with which of the following symptoms?

a) Confusion and thirst

b) Bradycardia

c) Muscle twitching and diarrhea

d) Tingling around the mouth

Answer: a. Hypernatremia commonly causes neurologic symptoms like confusion and thirst.What is the treatment for symptomatic hyponatremia?

a) Hypotonic IV fluids

b) Isotonic IV fluids

c) Hypertonic IV fluids

d) Potassium supplements

Answer: c. Hypertonic IV fluids are used to treat severe hyponatremia to prevent cerebral edema.

What ECG change is commonly seen in hyperkalemia?

a) Peaked T waves

b) Prolonged QT interval

c) Flat T waves

d) ST depression

Answer: a. Peaked T waves are a hallmark ECG finding in hyperkalemia.

Which type of IV solution is used to treat fluid volume deficit?

a) Hypertonic saline

b) Isotonic saline

c) Hypotonic saline

d) D5W

Answer: b. Isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) is commonly used to restore fluid volume in patients with hypovolemia.What is the primary purpose of administering lactated Ringer's solution?

a) To provide glucose

b) To treat metabolic acidosis

c) To replace electrolytes and fluids

d) To treat hyponatremia

Answer: c. Lactated Ringer's provides electrolytes and fluids, commonly used for fluid resuscitation.Which symptom would you expect in a patient with dehydration?

a) Bounding pulse

b) Decreased urine output

c) Peripheral edema

d) Moist mucous membranes

Answer: b. Decreased urine output is a common sign of dehydration due to reduced fluid volume.Which of the following is a key feature of third spacing?

a) Fluid shifts from intracellular to extracellular compartments

b) Fluid shifts from vascular space to an area where it is not easily exchanged

c) Fluid accumulates in the intracellular space

d) Fluid shifts into the plasma space from the interstitial space

Answer: b. Third spacing occurs when fluid accumulates in areas such as the abdomen, where it is not easily exchanged with the ECF.Which organ primarily regulates bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels?

a) Lungs

b) Heart

c) Kidneys

d) Liver

Answer: c. The kidneys regulate bicarbonate levels, which are important in maintaining acid-base balance.