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Fluid and Electrolytes Easy Memorization Tricks for Nursing NCLEX ScienceMedicineNursing Kb_2115 Save Fluid and Electrolytes NCLEX Quest...33 terms Alex_Hassiepen Preview Fluid & Electrolyte NCLEX Practice ...145 terms ngreen14Preview Dosage Calculation Practice Exam 1...20 terms MtandinganPreview Alterat 30 terms brit What is the role of Potassium function Normal level of Potassium?heart and muscle contraction

Normal level: 3.5-5.3 mEq/L

Potassium functions if it was HYPERkalemia (5.3 or more potassium levels) What are the signs and symptoms of the heart? (Tight and contracted)

• ST-Elevation and peaked T waves
• Severe= V-fib or cardiac standstill
• Hypotension, bradycardia

Potassium functions if it was HYPERkalemia (5.0 or more potassium levels) What are the signs and symptoms of the GI Tract? (Tight and contracted)

• Diarrhea
• Hyperactive bowl sounds

Potassium functions if it was HYPERkalemia (5.0 or more potassium levels) What are the signs and symptoms for neuromuscular? (Tight and contracted) -Paralysis in Extremities -Increased DTR (Deep tendon reflexes) -Profound Muscle Weakness (General feeling of heaviness)

Causes of hyperkalemia: MACHINE or CARED

Easy memorization trick for signs & symptoms: MURDER

M: meds (ACE inhibitors, steroids, beta blockers

A: acidosis

C: cellular destruction

H: hypoaldosteronism, hemolysis

I: intake excessive

N: nephrons (renal) failure

E: excretion impaired

Nursing Interventions for HYPERkalemia -Monitor cardiac, respiratory, neuromuscular, renal, and GI status -Stop IV potassium if running and hold any PO potassium supplements -Initiate potassium restricted diet and remember foods that are high in potassium -Remember the word POTASSIUM for food rich in potassium Potatoes, pork Oranges Tomatoes Avocados Strawberries, Spinach fIsh mUshrooms

Musk Melons: cantaloupe

Also included are carrots, cantaloupe, raisins, bananas.If you see Profound and severe on a patient's chart this means as a nurse I should do what Always assess these patients first It means late serious signs HYPOkalmeia (Less than 3.5) signs and symptoms for heart-low and slow

• Flat T waves, ST depression, and prominent U wave

HYPOkalmeia (Less than 3.5) signs and symptoms for muscular-low and slow

• Decreased DTR
• Muscle cramping
• Flaccid Paralysis (paralyzed limbs)

HYPOkalemia (Less than 3.5) signs and symptoms for GI-Low and slow

• Decreased motility, hypoactive bowel sounds
• Constipation
• Abdominal distention
• Paralytic ileus, paralyzed intestines

PRIORITY for SBO(small bowel obstruction) Nursing interventions for HYPOkalemia Check BP every 4 hours Report EKG changes If on Digoxin - monitor for digoxin toxicity Monitor labs Monitor I & O's Increase K+ Diet Remember POTASSIUM to help you remember the foods salt substitute

What are the causes of HYPOkalemia: DITCH

Signs and symptoms: 7 L's (Low)

What is sodium's (NA+) role Normal sodium levels?

• Blood pressure
• Blood volume
• PH Balance

Normal sodium levels: 135 to 145 mEq/L

Hypernatremia (More than 145): sodium

List the signs and symptoms

• Skin
• Polydipsia
• Late serious sign

HYPERnatremia=Big and Bloated

• Skin

Flush: "Red and Rosy"

Edema "waterbed skin" Low-Grade Fever

2. Polydipsia: Excess thirst

3. Late serious sign:

Swollen dry tongue GI= nausea and vomiting Increased muscle tone

HYPOnatremia (Less than 135): sodium

• Neuro= Seires and coma
• Heart= Tachycardia & weak pulses
• Respiratory arrest

What are the SEVERE signs of HYPERnatremia

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Increased muscle tone
• Red beefy tongue

causes of hypernatremia Remember the phrase "HIGH SALT" Hypercortisolism (Cushing's Syndrome), hyperventilation Increased intake of sodium (oral or IV route) GI feeding (tube) without adequate water supplements Hypertonic solutions Sodium excretion decreased (body keeping too much sodium) and corticosteroids Aldosterone overproduction (Hyperaldosteronism) Loss of fluids (dehydrated) infection (fever), sweating, diarrhea, and diabetes insipidus Thirst impairment