AP European Test Review

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AP European Test Review 1.Edict of Restitution- when, who, effect✔✔ 1629/during 30 Years War; outlawed Calvinism in Holy Roman Empire & required Lutherans to turn over all property seized since 1552; Caused Gustavus Adolphus to enter the war which triggered the 3rd phase of 30 Years 2.Hundred Years War- which 2 countries fought?✔✔ England & France 3.Led to France as distinct nation in late Middle Ages (war)✔✔ 100 Years War 4.Outcome of 100 Years War✔✔ France ravaged by disease/conflict; French monar- chy strengthened; European banks weakened; papal authority continued to be disputed (Outcome of...) 5.State of Holy Roman Empire in 1400✔✔ Unified in name only (State of what in 1400) 6.Define Schism✔✔ Disagreement leading to an organizational split or divide 7.Movement that sought to emulate the Greco-Roman ancients after 1400 (ism)✔✔ Humanism; sought to do what?

8.Why did French Monarchy grow stronger in late medieval period?✔✔ Many nobles killed in 100 Years War which caused fewer rivals and easier control (what grew stronger?) 1 / 3

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9.The great storyteller and chronicler of English life in late Middle Ages✔✔ Ge- offrey Chaucer (Canterbury Tales); where & when 10.Claim of papal authority in Rome has always been based on...✔✔ the apos- tolic succession traced back to Saint Peter; Gods authority goes through Jesus from Peter (what is based on this) 11.Great Schism ended w/ election of Pope Martin V at...✔✔ the church council in Constance (ended what) 12.Define pogrom✔✔ Riots that target minorities (term) 13.Define laity✔✔ Non-ordained members in a congregation (term) 14.Early Christian Humanist who translated Greek New Testament into Latin- ✔✔ Erasmus; did what with bible in what language 15.Examples of Italian city-states in early modern period?✔✔ Venice and Genoa (examples of what in early modern period) 16.Sistine Chapel example of what type of art✔✔ Renaissance (example of art) 17.Renaissance era embodied.. (art, Greek/Roman texts, languages, human life)✔✔ New ideas about artistic genius, scholarly investigation of Greek and Roman 2 / 3

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texts, interest in both ancient and contemporary languages, and newfound per- spectives in human life (what era embodied) 18.Renaissance art different from medieval styles by...✔✔ Focus on individual, less focused on biblical personalities/stories (difference between what move- ments); 19.Renaissance made significant contributions to what?✔✔ Literature, art, phi- losophy, political/historical thought (contributions to what) 20.Individualism- when, what✔✔ Born during Renaissance; people sought to re- ceive personal credit for achievements as opposed to medieval ideal of all glory going to God 21.Where did Renaissance believe their achievements were owed to?✔✔ Linked to glories of Greek/Roman world; owed nothing to the "backwardness" of the Middle Ages (when) 22.Printing Press- creator, significance✔✔ Johannes Gutenberg; significant in- crease in literacy, spread Reformation way more rapidly, number of universities increased, allowed cultural trends to spread to other parts of Europe 23.Ciompi Revolt- when, why, effect✔✔ 1378; popolo (common people) unhappy with social/political order, went against the government; shook Florence & resulted in brief period where poor established tenuous control over government 24.Petrarch- movement & impact✔✔ "father of humanism"; to write in in Ciceronian (Latin Cicero) style became stated goal of Petrarch and

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