APHY 102 Midterm Exam Newest 2026-2027

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APHY 102 Midterm Exam Newest 2026-2027 Actual Exam With Complete Questions And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) |Already Graded A+

How does the Rh factor affect a developing fetus and its mother? - ANSWER-Rh positive - presence of antigen D or other Rh antigens on the RBC membranes.Rh negative - lack of these antigens If a mother is Rh negative and her baby is Rh positive, her antibodies form to fight Rh-positive blood cells. If a mother is Rh positive and her baby is Rh positive, her antibodies attack the baby's RBC.Complications can lead the baby to develop erythroblastosis fetalis or hemolytic disease.

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system? - ANSWER- Distribution of nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, electorlytes, heat, immune cells, and antibodies, fluid, electrolyte, and acid- base balance

Where is the heart found? - ANSWER-The heart lies in the thoracic cavity. It is posterior to the sternum, medial to the lungs, anterior to the vertebral column, and lies just above the diaphragm and beneath the 2nd rib with the apex of the heart at the 5th intercostal space.

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Describe the layers of the heart wall - ANSWER-Epicardium- outer layer; protects the heart by reducing friction. A serious membrane that consists of connective tissue covered by epithelium, and it includes capillaries and nerve fibers.Myocardium- middle layer; thick and consists largely of the cardiac muscle tissue that pumps blood out of the heart chambers.Endocardium- inner layer; epithelium and underlying connective tissue.Forms a protective inner lining of the chambers and valves.

Describe the pathway of blood into, through, and out of the heart - ANSWER-Superior/inferior venae cavae Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Pulmonary semilunar valve Lungs Blood is oxygenated and returned to heart Pulmonary veins Left atrium Mitral(bicuspid) valve Left ventricle Aortic semilunar valve Body cells

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Describe the pathway of the cardiac conduction system - ANSWER-SA node - AV node - Bundle of His - Left and right bundle branches - purkinje fibers

Describe an EKG - ANSWER-A recordable tracing of the electrical activity of the heart that the production and conduction of action potentials in the heart produces.

What is occurring within the heart during each part of the EKG? - ANSWER-At the P wave of the EKG, the atria are depolarizing.At the QRS complex, the ventricles are depolarizing and the atria are repolarizing.At the T wave, the ventricles are repolarizing and there is a brief refractory period between the T wave and the following P wave, which allows the heart a small rest.

Describe what is happening in the heart during atrial systole/ventricular diastole and atrial diastole/ventricular systole - ANSWER-Atrial systole/ventricular diastole - atria are contracting and ventricles are relaxed Atrial diastole/ventricular systole - atria are relaxed and ventricles are contracting

How are the heart sounds made? - ANSWER-The first heart sound "lubb" occurs during ventricular systole as a result of the A-V valves closing.

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