APHY 102 MIDTERM IVY TECH ACTUAL

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APHY 102 MIDTERM IVY TECH ACTUAL

EXAM 100% SOLVED AND VERIFIED

What is a hormone and how does it act? - ANSWER-Hormones are chemical messengers that are responsible for regulation.They are secreted into body fluids, mainly blood. It has specific actions on target tissues, which are any tissue that has specific receptors for that particular hormone.

What is a paracrine gland? - ANSWER-a secretion that enters interstitial fluid but affects only neighboring cells

What is an autocrine gland? - ANSWER-A secretion that only affects the secreting cell.

What is an endocrine gland? - ANSWER-A gland that secretes a substance (a hormone) into the bloodstream and act on target cells

What is an exocrine gland? - ANSWER-A ducted gland that produces a secretion onto a body surface.

2 Where is the thymus located? - ANSWER-mediastinum; behind the sternum

Where is the pineal gland located? - ANSWER-center of brain

Where are the reproductive organs located? - ANSWER- abdomen; pelvic

Where is the pituitary gland located? - ANSWER-sella turcica of the sphenoid bone; base of the brain

Where are the adrenal glands located? - ANSWER-on top of each kidney

Where is the pancreas located? - ANSWER-posterior to the stomach

What are the two steroid hormones? - ANSWER-Sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormones; estrogen and testosterone

3 Describe steroid hormones - ANSWER--diffuse through cell membranes into cytoplasm or nucleus -combine with a receptor molecule binding to DNA -promote transcription of mRNA -mRNA enters cytoplasm directing protein synthesis

Describe non-steroid hormones. - ANSWER-Amines, proteins, peptides, and glycoproteins. The endocrine gland secretes nonsteroid hormones, which body fluid carries hormone to its target cell. Hormone combines with receptor site on membrane of its target cell, activating G protein. Cellular changes produce the hormone's effects.

How is the anterior pituitary gland different than the posterior pituitary gland? - ANSWER-The anterior pituitary becomes an endocrine gland producing and secreting hormones for the body and connects to the posterior pituitary when fully formed. Meanwhile, the posterior pituitary remains connected to the hypothalamus, functioning as a repository for hormones produced by the hypothalamus and receiving messages from it that regulate when hormones are to be released to and through the anterior pituitary

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What regulates pituitary gland secretion? - ANSWER- Hypothalamus

Describe tropic hormones - ANSWER-stimulate other endocrine glands to release hormones

anterior pituitary hormones - ANSWER-ACTH - controls manufacture and secretion of certain hormones from the outer layer of the adrenal gland.FSH - controls growth and development of follicles that house egg cells in ovaries and stimulate production of sperm cells in the testes.GH - stimulates cells to enlarge and more rapidly divide LH - promotes secretion of sex hormones and allows release of egg cells from ovaries PRL - promotes milk production TSH - controls secretion of certain hormones from the thyroid

posterior pituitary hormones - ANSWER-ADH - reduces volume of water that kidneys secrete