BIOLl 1107l Examl 3l l Principlesl ofl

BIOLl 1107l Examl 3l –l Principlesl ofl Biologyl Il (Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l Guide|l 100%l Verifiedl Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A

Q:l Post-transcriptionl regulation

Answer:

-usedl tol stopl al alreadyl transcribedl mRNAl froml becomingl al functionall protein

miRNAl canl bindl tol thel mRNAl preventingl transcription

Q:l Twol classesl ofl eukaryoticl transposablel elements

Answer:

Transposons Retrotransposons

Q:l Mutagenesis

Answer:

Directl productionl ofl mutationsl inl al laboratoryl forl researchl purposes

Q:l Frameshiftl mutationl isl causedl by

Answer:

Causesl byl nucleotidel insertionl orl

Altersl thel readingl framel ofl thel codon

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alll thel codonsl afterl thel mutationl willl bel wrong

Q:l Startl codon

Answer:

AUG

Q:l Nonsensel mutation

Answer:

Al sensel codonl isl changedl tol nonsensel (stop)l codon

-shorterl thanl normall polypeptide

-truncationl event

Q:l Silentl mutation

Answer:

Sensel codonl isl changedl butl codesl forl thel samel aminol acid

-hasl nol effect

Q:l Missensel mutation

Answer:

Codonl changedl tol differentl aminol

-doesl notl necessarilyl havel tol changel proteinl function

Q:l Fourl typesl ofl base-pair-substitutionl mutations

Answer: 2 / 3

Missense Nonsense Silent Frameshift

Q:l Transposons

Answer:

Nonl replicative Cut-and-paste

Q:l Retrotransposons

Answer:

Copy-and-paste,

RNAl transcriptionl -l reversel transcription—DNAl -l incorporatedl intol newl spotl inl genome

Q:l Transosase

Answer:

Enzymel thatl catylizesl reactionl ofl insertingl orl removingl transposablel elements

Q:l Transposablel elementsl (TE's)

Answer:

DNAl sequencesl thatl canl "hop"l froml onel placel tol another

Q:l Inversionl isl al chromosomal

Answer:

Mutation

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