BIOLl 322l BIOL322l Modulel 4:l Latestl

BIOLl 322/l BIOL322l Modulel 4:l (Latestl

2026/l 2027l Update)l 100%l Verifiedl Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A

Q:l Whichl craniall nervesl innervatel thel tongue?l Whichl nervel innervatesl thel epiglottisl andl pharynx?

Answer:l

Tonguel -l Faciall (VII)l andl glossopharyngeall (IX)

Epiglottisl andl pharynxl -l Vagusl (X)

Q:l Alll threel craniall nervesl enterl thel brainsteml atl thel what?l Andl wherel dol theyl synapse?l Wherel isl informationl sentl afterl that?

Answer:l

Medullal |l Nucleusl ofl solitaryl tractl |l Sentl tol thel ventrall posteriorl mediall nucleusl ofl thel thalamus

Q:l Wherel dol thalamicl neuronsl sendl projectionsl to?l Wherel isl thisl cortexl located?

Answer:l

Gustatoryl cortexl |l Insula

Q:l Isl informationl processingl ofl tastel ipsilaterall orl contralateral?

• / 4

Answer:l

Ipsilateral!

Q:l Thel nervesl thatl receivel somatosensoryl inputsl arel partl ofl whichl branchl ofl thel somaticl nervousl system?l Thesel nervesl canl sensel al widel varietyl ofl physicall stimulil (5)

Answer:l

Thel afferentl branchl |l Pressure,l stretch,l vibration,l heat,l andl pain

Q:l Alll somatosensoryl receptorl neuronsl havel theirl celll bodiesl locatedl inl the?l Whatl arel receptorl neuronsl alsol called?

Answer:l

Dorsall rootl ganglionl |l Primaryl afferentl fibers

Q:l Whatl typel ofl neuronsl arel primaryl afferentl fibers?l Wherel dol eachl ofl theirl processesl travell andl vial what?

Answer:l

Bipolarl neuronsl |l Onel travelsl tol thel locationl ofl thel receptorl (e.g.l thel skinl forl touch)l vial thel spinall nerves,l andl onel travelsl intol thel spinall cordl atl thel dorsall hornl vial thel dorsall root

Q:l Responsiblel forl sensingl mechanicall changesl tol thel skin,l suchl asl pressurel orl stretch

Thesel mechanoreceptorsl detectl changesl atl skinl usingl what?l Whatl ionl flowsl inl whenl pressurel isl applied?

Answer:l

Cutaneousl mechanoreceptorsl |l Mechanicallyl gatedl ionl channelsl allowl Sodiuml tol movel downl itsl electrochemicall gradient

Q:l Whatl arel thel twol classesl ofl mechanoreceptors?l Whatl isl thel differencel betweenl them? 2 / 4

Answer:l

1.l Slowly-Adaptingl (Tonic)l -l changel theirl actionl potentiall firingl ratel asl longl asl thel stimulusl isl present 2.l Rapidlyl Adaptingl (Phasic)l -l onlyl changel activityl atl thel momentl therel isl al changel inl stimulus

Q:l Whichl classesl ofl subcutaneousl mechanoreceptorsl arel Slowly-Adaptingl (Tonic)?l (2)l Whichl arel Rapidlyl Adaptingl (Phasic)?l (2)

Answer:l

Slowly-Adaptingl (Tonic):l Merkel'sl discsl andl Ruffinil endingsl

Rapidly-Adaptingl (Phasic):l Pacinianl corpusclesl andl Meissner'sl corpuscles

Q:l Wherel arel Merkell discsl locatedl andl whatl dol theyl detect?l Ruffinil endings?

Answer:l

Merkell discsl -l locatedl atl thel borderl betweenl thel dermisl andl epidermis;l detectsl edgesl andl pointsl

Ruffinil endingsl -l Locatedl inl thel dermis;l respondsl tol stretchingl ofl thel skin

Q:l Wherel arel Pacinianl corpusclesl locatedl andl whatl dol theyl detect?l Meissnersl corpuscles?

Answer:l

Pacinianl corpusclesl -l locatedl deepl inl thel dermisl ofl thel skin;l perceptionl ofl vibrationsl andl deepl pressure

Meissner'sl corpusclesl -l locatedl inl thel epidermisl layerl andl arel highlyl concentratedl atl thel fingertips;l sensitivel tol lightl touch,l skinl movement,l andl low-frequencyl vibration

• / 4

Q:l Regionl ofl thel skinl wherel al stimulusl willl evokel al responsel inl thel neuron

Answer:l

Receptivel field

Q:l Describel thel differencel betweenl smallerl andl largerl receptivel fields

Answer:l

Smallerl fieldsl canl betterl detectl multiplel singularl stimuli,l largerl receptivel fieldsl wouldl detectl singularl stimulil asl onel stimulus

Q:l Howl isl thel sizel ofl al receptivel fieldl determined?

Answer:l

Byl measuringl thel ratel ofl actionl potentials

Q:l Cutaneousl receptorsl thatl sensel temperature;l Whatl arel thel twol classesl ofl thisl receptor?l Whatl templ rangesl dol theyl detect?

Answer:l

Thermoreceptors

Low-thresholdl thermoreceptorsl =l 15Cl tol 45Cl |l High-thresholdl thermoreceptorsl =l greaterl thanl 45Cl orl colderl thanl 15C

Q:l Thermoreceptorsl arel locatedl inl al classl ofl cutaneousl receptorsl called?l Wherel arel theyl found?

Answer:l

Freel nervel endingsl |l Foundl closestl tol thel surfacel ofl thel skin

Q:l Al sensoryl processl thatl providesl signalsl thatl triggerl painl whenl inl thel presencel ofl al noxiousl stimulus

Answer:l

• / 4