BIOLl 322l BIOL322l Modulel 6:l Latestl

BIOLl 322/l BIOL322l Modulel 6:l (Latestl

2026/l 2027l Update)l 100%l Verifiedl Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A

Q:l Whatl isl differentl aboutl thel acrcuatel nucleusl responsel tol lowl leptinl levelsl inl thel humoral,l visceromotorl andl somaticl motor?

Answer:l

Thel processl withl thel arcuatel nucleusl andl thel humoral,l viscermotorl andl somaticl motorl responsel isl oppositel andl itl utilizesl NPYl andl AgRPl insteadl ofl αMSHl andl CART

Humorall -l TSHl andl ACTHl releasel arel inhibitedl ---l metabolicl activityl isl decreased Visceromotorl -l Parasympatheticl activityl isl increasedl Somaticl motorl -l Laterall hypothalamusl isl activated,l notl inhibited.l Feedingl behaviorl isl increased

Q:l Thel rewardl signalingl neurall circuitryl startsl withl thisl areal thatl isl locatedl inl thel midbrainl whichl containl neuronsl thatl synthesizel thel neurotransmitter,l dopamine.l Cellsl froml thisl areal arel alsol lostl inl Parkinson'sl disease

Answer:l

Ventrall tegmentall areal (VTA)

Q:l Whatl arel thel twol primaryl pathwaysl froml thel VTAl thatl arel importantl forl reward?

Answer:l

1.l Mesolimbicl pathwayl 2.l Mesocorticall pathway

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Q:l Whichl VTAl rewardl pathwayl isl consistsl ofl dopaminel producingl neuronsl thatl releasel dopaminel ontol cellsl inl thel nucleusl accumbensl (NAc)?l

Whichl VTAl rewardl pathwayl receivesl VTAl innervationl tol thel prefrontall cortexl (PFC)?l Whatl isl thel PFCl thoughtl tol bel involvedl in?l (2)

Answer:l

Mesolimbicl pathwayl

Mesocorticall pathwayl |l PFCl isl thoughtl tol bel involvedl inl consciousl decisionl makingl andl inhibitionl ofl action

Q:l Whichl VTAl rewardl pathwayl seemsl tol bel thel majorl pathwayl byl whichl rewardl isl mediatedl byl thel brain?

Answer:l

Mesolimbic

Q:l Itl appearsl thatl itl isl notl thel rewardl itselfl thatl increasesl dopamine,l butl the....

Whenl doesl dopaminel signalingl increase?

Answer:l

Butl the...predictedl expectationl ofl thel rewardl

Dopaminel signalingl increasesl duringl anticipationl ofl al predictedl reward.

Q:l Definel drugs

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Answer:l

Chemicall substancesl thatl comel froml outsidel thel body

Q:l Agonistl vsl Antagonist

Answer:l

Agonistl -l chemicall substancesl thatl canl activatel receptorsl

Antagonistsl -l Substancesl thatl canl preventl agonistsl froml acting

Q:l Whatl happensl whenl thel agonist-receptorl complexl isl formedl uponl agonistl binding?

Answer:l

Thel receptorl undergoesl al conformationall changel whichl canl triggerl downstreaml reactionsl

*Remember,l receptorsl canl eitherl bel ionotropicl orl metabotropic*

Q:l Thel specificl sitel onl thel receptorl proteinl wherel agonsitsl bind

Answer:l

Orthostericl site,l orl activel site

Q:l Whatl arel thel threel classesl agonistsl canl bel dividedl into?

Answer:l

1.l Fulll agonistl 2.l Partiall agonistl 3.l Inversel agonist

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